Heterogeneous monopolists produce goods using either brown technology, which relies on labor and carbon energy, or green technology, which relies solely on labor. R&D firms enhance productivity using labor to outcompete existing monopolists, thereby driving economic growth. The extraction of...

To achieve social and environmental sustainability, humankind must balance satisfying human needs and preventing ecological collapse. The material footprint-the total materials required for production and consumption-plays a crucial role in this dynamic. This study uses data from 151 countries...

We provide causal evidence from a developing country context that children exposed to lead at a young age exhibit worse cognitive outcomes. We exploit variation in exposure to leadcontaminated toxic sites in Indonesia and estimate a two-way fixed effects model using variation in age at first...

This paper examines the causal impacts of reducing solid waste imports on water quality in China, which was the world’s largest importer of waste until recently. We focus on the National Sword policy, introduced at the end of 2017, which abruptly banned the import of plastics, textiles,...

We investigate whether climate activism favors pro-environmental consumption by examining the impact of Fridays for Future (FFF) protests in Italy on second-hand automobile sales in rallyaffected areas. Leveraging data on 10 million automobile transactions occurring before and after FFF...

Understanding and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions from building sector is significant to realize the net zero society. This research presents a bottom-up approach leveraging nighttime light (NTL) data to quantitatively assess and spatially represent urban building Material Stock (MS) and...

Lebanon, the land of the cedars. Lebanon is endowed with a rich and diversified natural ecosystem, ranging across coastal areas, plains, valleys, and forests; extensive water resources through springs and rivers; breathtaking landscapes and pleasant climate. This ecosystem could have constituted...

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector finds itself at a pivotal moment -while propelling digital transformation across the globe, it is also contributing to climate change. The sector's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions-estimated at 1.5 to 4 percent of the global total-exceed...

This study offers the first analysis of environmental and climate inequalities at the census tract level in Italy, providing valuable insights into spatial patterns of environmental and social vulnerability. The results highlight significant environmental inequality related to exposure to air...

This study examines key indicators impacting China's industrial sector: carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by industry, industrial value added per worker, technology advancement in industrial design, fossil fuel usage, and energy losses in production and transmission. China's industrial sector,...

The EU has embarked on an ambitious path toward climate neutrality. How difficult will this transition be for the population as a whole and different subsets of consumers? This paper investigates this question using a dynamic general equilibrium model that captures a key feature of energy...

In this paper, we first test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, using a large sample of approximately 190 advanced and developing countries, over a period of 34 years (1989- 2022). We find that (CO2) emissions respond positively to increasing income per capita, up...

This study investigates the effect of electricity consumption on air pollution in Türkiye at the provincial level through spatial analyses. Using SO2 and PM10 measurements as indicators of air pollution, this study incorporates income, population density, and electricity consumption as...

This study investigates the effects of eco-digitalization, green technology, and green finance on environmental sustainability in the presence of affluence and population. The sample size consists of a panel of 19 technologically advanced economies covering the time span from 1980 to 2023. The...

This paper analyses trends and persistence in atmospheric pollution in ten US cities over the period from January 2014 to January 2024 using fractional integration methods. The results support the hypothesis of long memory and mean reversion in atmospheric pollution in all cities examined. They...

This paper revisits the exporter’s environmental premium (EEP) by incorporating emissions embodied in domestically and internationally sourced intermediate inputs. Combining administrative firm-level data and customs records for German manufacturers with an environmentally extended...

The implementation of environmental policies varies substantially across geographical areas. This paper proposes a conceptual and methodological framework-adapted from the health economics literature- to assess equity in the allocation of environmental policy effort. We define "environmental...

We examine the welfare effects of removing explicit and implicit fossil fuel subsidies, the latter entailing Pigouvian pricing of local externalities from fossil energy consumption. We map a multi-region, multi-sector general equilibrium model to granular data on subsidies, local marginal...

This publication provides an overview about data of the German ⁠PRTR⁠ (Pollutant Release and Transfer Register). For each pollutant, the number of reported facilities and their releases to air, water and land and their off-site transfer in waste water are clearly displayed. Data for...

Improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions are currently global goals pursued by countries worldwide. The Chinese government has also committed to peaking carbon dioxide emissions by 2030. As a developing country with the highest export volume of goods in the world, it is crucial...

The empirical evidence for the so-called pollution haven hypothesis, which predicts that inter-country differences in environmental policy stringency will cause pollution-intensive production to relocate to countries with lax environmental standards, has traditionally been weak. However, in...

Soil pollution is a significant environmental and health concern in Europe, with potential links to cancer incidence. The Exploratory Research project "Understanding the links between SOil pollution and CancEr" (SOLACE)" aimed to investigate the complex relationships between soil properties,...

Biodiversity is unequivocally declining and chemical pollution is a major driver of its loss. Ecotoxicological studies report various effects of chemicals at different levels of biological organization, mostly individual and sub-organismal levels, while biodiversity is typically measured by...

Pollutants emitted by transport activities contribute to ambient air pollution and put significant pressure on human health and the environment. While road transport has significantly reduced its pollutant emissions since 1990 (with the exception of ammonia-NH3 and nitrous oxide-N20), continued...

Pollutants emitted by transport activities contribute to ambient air pollution and put significant pressure on human health and the environment. While road transport has significantly reduced its pollutant emissions since 1990 (with the exception of ammonia-NH3 and nitrous oxide-N20), continued...

As expected, this decade is proving to be decisive in dealing with climate change. 2023 and 2024 have seen temperature records broken around the world and subsequent climate change trends that are transforming the planet, with Europe warming faster than any other continent. Along with all other...

The EU's ambition is zero water pollution by 2030. In view of this, we assessed EU actions to address ship-source seawater pollution. Overall, EU rules improved, but implementation weaknesses existed and data was insufficient to measure results. While the European Maritime Safety Agency...

The EU's ambition is zero water pollution by 2030. In view of this, we assessed EU actions to address ship-source seawater pollution. Overall, EU rules improved, but implementation weaknesses existed and data was insufficient to measure results. While the European Maritime Safety Agency...

The steel industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for approximately 7% of worldwide emissions. As steelmakers in the EU invest heavily in decarbonisation, the success of these efforts hinges on the market's ability to differentiate and reward...

Liability for preventing and remediating environmental damage in Germany is mostly enforced by national liability legislation for preventing and remediating land/soil, water, and biodiversity damage, and environmental permitting and planning legislation. Competent authorities tend to enforce...

Enforcement of national ELD legislation in Finland is low. Between 2013 and November 2021 there had only been one ELD occurrence involving water damage, one ELD occurrence involving an imminent threat of water damage, and two potential ELD occurrences (one involving water damage and biodiversity...