This paper introduces Bai-Perron structural break detection combined with negative binomial regression to model overdispersed U.S. IPO count data. Using monthly data from 1995 to 2024, we identify five breaks that partition IPO activity into six distinct regimes, each with fundamentally...

This study examines the impact of margin loans and accompanying regulatory changes on the underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) in Türkiye, with a focus on the wave of IPOs from 2020 to 2023-a period during which the number of IPOs and proceeds from them reached record highs....

This paper investigates how firms use green versus conventional debt and the associated firm- and aggregate-level environmental consequences. Employing a dataset of 127,711 global bond and syndicated loan issuances by non-financial firms across 85 countries during 2012-23, the paper documents a...

With this edition, the European Securities and Markets Authority continues its annual reporting on EU prospectuses under Article 47 of the Prospectus Regulation (PR). This market report covers data for prospectuses approved in 2023. As data are reported at ISIN level, the report also contains...

This study examines the factors that influence companies' decisions to go public or private in Türkiye. We find that firm size, profitability, age, and market valuations have a positive impact on the decision to go public, but growth, leverage, financial investment, and tangibility have a...

We examine the private information held by nonbank lenders in leveraged loan syndications. In these transactions, lead banks gather information about participant demand through bookbuilding and use it to adjust loan spreads. An upward spread adjustment during bookbuilding strongly predicts the...

This study investigates whether, and to what extent, dividend-paying firms follow pecking order behavior when altering their capital structure. Using a panel of 3173 U.S. firms from 1960 to 2020 (49,424 firm-year observations), we examine four financing activities: equity and debt issuance under...

This paper empirically analyzes market reactions to first-time issuances of green bonds and first-time disclosures of green bond frameworks of 45 large, listed European banks and insurers with an event study. Covering recent regulatory developments of the European Green Bond Standard, we...

We construct a novel panel dataset on insider ownership for about 600 U.S. bank holding companies from 2003 to 2014 and evaluate whether ownership structure influences banks' equity composition and recapitalization decisions around the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Before the crisis, banks with...

Amazonia, the world's largest tropical rainforest region, plays a critical role in global bio-diversity, climate regulation, and sustaining the livelihoods of millions of people, including Indigenous peoples (IP), Afro-descendants (AD), and traditional communities (TC). It faces several complex...

Using a difference-in-differences design and a global database of startups, investors and deals, we study the effect of exits (IPOs and acquisitions) of unicorn companies - privately held startups valued over USD 1 billion - on the subsequent investment activity of their investors. We find that...