The German labor market has undergone profound changes over the last decades. For a long time, the debate on structural change focused on the shift from manufacturing industries to services. This Weekly Report highlights that labor market changes are attributable to three developments: In...

Die chemisch-pharmazeutische Industrie ist mit ihrer Größe und Produktivität eine Schlüsselindustrie der deutschen Wirtschaft und beschäftigt aktuell mehr als 857.000 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte. Derzeit steht die Branche aufgrund der anhaltend schwachen Wirtschaft und hoher...

In dieser Studie wird die Alterszusammensetzung der unselbständig Beschäftigten in Wien im Vergleich zu den übrigen österreichischen Bundesländern analysiert. Branchenspezifische Unterschiede und mögliche Auffälligkeiten im Anteil älterer und jüngerer Arbeitskräfte sowie...

Der Einzelhandel befindet sich in einem umfassenden Strukturwandel, der durch tiefgreifende technologische, demografische und ökonomische Veränderungen geprägt ist. Parallel dazu führen veränderte Konsummuster, zunehmende Marktvolatilität und eine Erosion der Tarifbindung zu erheblichen...

An influential thesis predicted in the 1990s that large cities would become polarised as both high-wage professional and low-wage service jobs expanded at the expense of middle-wage workers. We revisit this thesis by analysing change in the occupational class structure of the ten largest cities...

This paper studies the labor market impact of structural change by distinguishing between industry- and occupation-based measures of manufacturing and service employment. Using German data from 1975-2019, we find that 67% of manufacturing jobs lost in manufacturing industries are offset by new...

Employment levels in the EU27 recovered from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 much faster than they did after the global financial crisis in 2008-2010. This was despite the immediate job loss effects of the two crises being of comparable scale. Demographic change is affecting...

Employment levels in the EU27 recovered from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 much faster than they did after the global financial crisis in 2008-2010. This was despite the immediate job loss effects of the two crises being of comparable scale. Demographic change is affecting...

Job polarization has been proven mainly in the United States and many Western European countries, but the Czech Republic has been relatively neglected in these surveys. This paper explicitly focuses on the Czech Republic and fills this gap from 2004-2017. Moreover, the Czech Republic is examined...

We investigate shifts in employment structures during the first decades of the twenty-first century at a global scale, focusing on a diverse set of countries, including eight EU countries, Canada, U.S., Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Russia, India, and South Korea. Using the jobs-based...

It is common to transform data to stationarity, such as by differencing and demeaning, before estimating factor models in macroeconomics. Imposing these transformations, however, limit opportunities to learn about trending behaviour. Trends and deterministic processes can play a central role in...

The digital economy's influence on society and the traditional economy is deepening, owing to the wide application of digital technology in production and life. The question of how the digital economy affects the employment structure has become a hot issue to discuss. To explore the impact of...

We investigate links between routine-biased technical change, the structure of occupational employment, and cross-country income differences. To implement this, we combine several data sources including national labour force surveys and Penn World Tables. We first document that in our novel...

This paper analyses employment growth across occupations and sectors in India for the period that goes from 2011-12 to 2019-20. Using data from the National Sample Survey Organisation and the Periodic Labour Force Survey, this study finds evidence of mid-upgrading (relatively higher employment...

Job polarization was first identified in the US in the 1990s, when employment growth concentrated in the highest and lowest wages jobs with much less growth in middle wage jobs. Research since then has identified continuing polarizing pressures in the US and Europe, but also evidence of job...

This paper uses the European Jobs Monitor (2017) ‘jobs’ approach to examine the structural changes in employment and wages in Canada between 1997 and 2022. Changes in employment and real wages reveals a long-term pattern of upgrading, particularly after the 2008 financial crisis. There is...

This article analyses shifts in employment structures in a selection of eight EU countries (the Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Romania and Sweden), as well as employment dynamics at the aggregate EU level. This is done for four periods, separated by the financial crisis...

Using a job-based methodology, this paper studies structural shifts in employment in the South Korean labor market from 2000 to 2021. The methodology follows the approach suggested and applied in the reports published in the context of the European Jobs Monitor, such as Eurofound (2015, 2017)....

Part I: Introduction -- 1. Why this study now? -- 2. The debate: context and literature review -- 3. Approach and methods -- Part II: Analytical content -- 4. Employment shifts in Europe from 1997 to 2021: the cases of Ireland, France, Spain, Germany, the Czech Republic, Italy, Sweden and...

The urban-rural labor productivity gap lies at the root of the large income gap between urban and rural areas in China. Hence, it is important to accurately identify the key factors that influence this urban-rural labor productivity gap. Policy adjustments and precise measures are also conducive...