Germany's current government is planning to realign its energy transition. Against this backdrop, this report provides an overview of current developments in key technologies and indicators for flexibility in the electricity sector. For photovoltaics, growth appears to be leveling off,...

This paper develops a novel text-based approach to identify CRM-saving innovation using patent data and studies how mineral price signals shape the direction of technological change. Using patent data from 1978–2020, we distinguish technologies that rely on CRMs from those that explicitly aim...

A central challenge in the global transition to cleaner energy is how governments can design policies that deliver large social benefits while facing trade-offs in energy security, fiscal costs, and household adoption frictions. We study this question in urban Nepal, where cooking is dominated...

This paper explores the global landscape of civil resistance to mineral extraction and its implications for the political sustainability of the energy transition. As global demand for critical minerals accelerates in association with the energy transition, there is a growing imperative to secure...

Residual waste is no longer just ‘trash’ in the UK – it is a strategic climate resource. This new OIES study shows why policymakers and industry leaders need to rethink where it goes. The paper compares two competing pathways: using waste in Energy-from-Waste plants with carbon capture...

Europe's decarbonization calls for an increase in the resources used to ensure a fairer transition. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of public finance in the decarbonization process, considering the context of various uncertainties. Data from 1995 to 2023 for selected European...

Circularity has advanced to a key strategy for transforming our society: closing the loop is expected to enable economic profits independent of resource consumption and its associated environmental impacts (Blomsma & Brennan, 2017; Bocken et al., 2021; Circle economy, 2023; Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2019;...

Germany has implemented a range of measures to mitigate climate change. The implementation of such measures results in the imposition of financial burdens and restrictions on residents. Consequently, individual attitudes toward the fairness and effectiveness of such measures are a critical...

As a global leader in renewable energy, India is transitioning from fossil fuel-based hydrogen to green hydrogen, driven by technological advancements, cost reductions, and supportive policies. Initiatives like the National Green Hydrogen Mission and Green Hydrogen Policy aim to establish India...

This study applies a robust techno-economic framework to explore four key decarbonisation pathways – unabated steam methane reforming (SMR), SMR with carbon capture and storage (CCS), biomass-based hydrogen (BIOH₂), and renewable hydrogen via alkaline electrolyser cells (AEC) – across 52...

Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) is one of the more mature approaches to carbon neutrality, yet simultaneously one of the least understood or categorically defined. This paper intends to provide a broad-based overview of CCU, as well as a deeper dive that will incorporate scalability, market...

The demand for critical minerals is rising in support of the low-carbon energy transition, as well as global economic growth. Despite its hostile environment, the Arctic is a region with historic and existing mineral production. This paper assesses the potential of the Arctic to make a...

The transition to a cleaner energy mix, essential for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, will significantly increase demand for metals critical to renewable energy technologies. Energy Transition Metals (ETMs), including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements,...

Hydrogen plays a central role in policies aimed at decarbonisation, energy autonomy, industrial competitiveness, and development. This study analyses hydrogen policies, revealing how their design may undermine just transition goals and instead reinforce existing spatial inequalities. Drawing on...

The global transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy reflects a major structural transformation with diverse macroeconomic implications across countries. This study examines 118 developed and developing countries from 2012 to 2022 using a K-Means clustering approach. Seven indicators are...

This chapter examines the economics of climate innovation and its role in the clean technology transition. It outlines the incentives, market failures, and policy levers that shape the development and diffusion of clean technologies; traces global patterns in technology development and...

In the context of a green energy transition, capital adjustment costs render effective substitution between clean and dirty energy sources finite and endogenous, despite infinite long-run substitutability. Ramsey optimal paths robustly frontload clean investment before exhaustion of a given...

Addressing climate change requires policies that are ethically defensible, politically acceptable, and implementable. The concept of a "just transition" - a decarbonization process that avoids leaving workers and communities behind and mitigates burdens on vulnerable and historically...

The global energy transition, essential for achieving climate goals and sustainable development, faces significant challenges, particularly in emerging markets and developing economies. These challenges include high capital costs, policy inconsistencies, debt burdens, and limited mobilization of...

We document the socioeconomics of wind power expansion in Sweden using two metrics. First, we compute the difference in socioeconomic status (SES) between residents exposed to wind power (0-2 km from the closest turbine) and those not exposed. For each site, the metric is computed ten years...