This paper analyses the relationship between financial inclusion and the economic and social development in Mexico. For this quantitative research, a study sample composed by 448 observations during the 2007-2020 was analyzed using fixed effect estimations with instrumental variables 2SLS....

This study examines the characteristics of Indonesia's scholarly output and its alignment with national development goals. This research focuses on three key questions: how Indonesia's research output can be categorized into driver, basic, specialized, and declining clusters; the extent to which...

In many Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) studies, the focus tends to be on assessing issues related to access to finance as a primary challenge to their development. Nevertheless, studies on non-financial services i.e., Business Development Services (BDSs) that might help to tackle...

First-class universities play an extremely important role in cultivating high-quality talents and technological innovation, serving as a significant indicator of a country's level of higher education development, developmental strength, and potential. However, there is little literature studying...

Background During the last decades, there has been a great interest on the link between macroeconomic conditions and health. More precisely, many studies had studied as health outcome cardiovascular disease mortality, focusing in different countries, determinants, and using numerous econometric...

This paper analyzes the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility and long-term growth across the world using different mobility measures, comparing absolute mobility indicators with relative mobility indicators. The analysis is carried out across a panel of 68 countries over...

DPI is an approach to digitalization focused on creating "foundational, digital building blocks designed for the public benefit." By providing essential digital functions at society scale that can be reused across sectors, DPIs enable public and private service providers to build on these...

El enfoque de este Memorando Económico de País (CEM) es revisar opciones clave de política y reforma a fin de que Guinea Ecuatorial siente las bases para un crecimiento renovado, diversificado y más inclusivo. De este modo, el CEM busca contribuir a las agendas de desarrollo y...

Over the past decades, India has developed at a scale and pace that few would have thought possible. From 2000 to today, in real terms, the economy has grown nearly four-fold, and GDP per capita has almost tripled. Because India grew faster than the rest of the world, its share in the global...

The representation and significance of women in the labor force have grown significantly over the past five decades around the globe. Using nationally representative data from more than 90 countries, this paper documents distinct gender patterns in employment transitions across both sectors and...

The Blue Economy in Africa, with its extensive aquatic and marine resources, is expected to play a major role in the continent's climate adaptation. It presents distinct opportunities to generate jobs and encourage economic growth while addressing the concerns of food security and climate...

The WTO Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement (IFDA) offers significant development perspectives by speeding up and streamlining administrative procedures and reducing transaction costs. Domestic regulatory reforms, combined with comprehensive special-and-differential treatment as...

Seven decades ago, Simon Kuznets put forward the hypothesis that as economies developed, national inequality would first increase and then decrease-an inverted U-shape. He provided preliminary evidence for the hypothesis on the basis of the limited data available at the time, and theorized the...

Transformation is key term in the broader study of socio-economic provisioning system that has gained increased prominence and visibility in recent years due to intensifying economic, social and ecological risks and crises in the global economy. In this short review we assess key understandings...

This case study examines how social protection policymaking in Côte d’Ivoire has been shaped by a complex interplay of colonial legacies, postcolonial ideologies and domestic political-economic dynamics. Through stakeholder interviews and documentary analysis, it offers a nuanced...

The global economic context improved modestly in 2024, supported by easing inflation and a rebound in global trade. Kenya's economy has slowed despite several improving macroeconomic indicators. The external sector showed improvement, driven by recovering exports and rising financial inflows. A...

Despite its many assets and a promising recovery from the devastating civil war, Sierra Leone remains one of the poorest countries in the world. A rich mineral endowment, a young and increasingly educated population, and plentiful arable land coupled with favorable rainfall are some of the...

Bhutan's real GDP growth rate remained robust in FY23/24. The agriculture sector grew modestly due to lower crop yields. The industry sector grew modestly, supported by strong growth in mining and quarrying industry. Hydropower and construction sectors recorded a lackluster performance in...

Since the last edition of the Nigeria Development Update (NDU) in October 2024, economic developments in Nigeria have been broadly positive, helped by the government staying the course in maintaining an appropriate macroeconomic policy mix. Now, the challenge is to consolidate macroeconomic...

The global economy is facing another substantial headwind, emanating largely from an increase in trade tensions and heightened global policy uncertainty. For emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), the ability to boost job creation and reduce extreme poverty has declined. Key downside...

Transformation is key term in the broader study of socio-economic provisioning system that has gained increased prominence and visibility in recent years due to intensifying economic, social and ecological risks and crises in the global economy. In this short review we assess key understandings...

This paper examines the services sector's contribution to the South African economy and the extent to which the sector can drive structural transformation. The South African economy has continued along a path of tertiarization and can be classified as a de facto services-based economy....

This handbook chapter provides a synthesis of the literature on armed conflicts, with a special focus on development economics, while covering also other disciplines. The piece starts off with a discussion of the main consequences of conflict before investigating its root causes. First, a series...

The relevance of this study lies in the increasing number of countries worldwide that are prioritising population welfare as a key policy objective. In the post-war period, Ukraine should focus on fostering inclusiveness and cultivating an equitable culture that takes into account the interests...

This essay aims to address the existing theoretical gap regarding the in-depth study of institutional change and its relationship with the endogenous development potential of regions. The intersection of these two theoretical approaches offers an understanding of how changes in formal and...

This study examines the impact of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in South and Southeast Asia from 2006 to 2022, using a comprehensive panel dataset and multiple econometric techniques. The baseline estimation employs Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), with...

The economic downturns in South Africa present a significant threat, with the potential to disrupt the nation's notable advances in addressing the persistent challenges of high unemployment, widespread poverty and stark inequality. In the absence of substantial and extensive structural...

The multiple interlinked and interacting crises that the world faces today is of unprecedented range and magnitude, halting progress and causing even a reversal in crucial Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relating to well-being. The current situation of an unequal, unstable and unsustainable...

In 1924, John Maynard Keynes complained about the fact that Southern Rhodesia, which he described as "a place somewhere in the middle of Africa", was able to raise loans on the London market on the same terms as a large English borough. Existing literature on the "empire effect" has contended...