In this paper, I distinguish three types of harm that can arise in the context of artificial intelligence (AI): individual harm, collective harm and societal harm. Societal harm is often overlooked, yet not reducible to the two former types of harm. Moreover, mechanisms to tackle individual and...

In this paper, I distinguish three types of harm that can arise in the context of artificial intelligence (AI): individual harm, collective harm and societal harm. Societal harm is often overlooked, yet not reducible to the two former types of harm. Moreover, mechanisms to tackle individual and...

For decades, illicit economies have predominantly been studied and debated as a security problem with social and development consequences. However, the interaction between illicit economies and the environment, in cases such as illicit drug crop cultivation and drugs production, is more recent...

While public environmental law, regulation and governance have paved the traditional road towards environmental and natural resource protection, the pathway has been expanded to include a broader orbit of interest areas and regulatory tools in an effort to achieve sustainability. Through the...

Environmental protection and the protection of human rights represent two fundamental policy objectives for the international legal system. These objectives are serviced by the international environmental regime, mostly comprising multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), with the...

This is a book review of Ben Pontin, THE ENVIRONMENTAL CASE FOR BREXIT: A SOCIO-LEGAL PERSPECTIVE Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2019, 157 pp ISBN 978-150992-089-1. This review has been submitted to the Journal of Environmental Law

This comment makes recommendations for how the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) could improve its data collection methods, how to use those data to enhance retrospective review of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) regulations, and how to align its procedural provisions for...

Abstract: The field of human rights engages rights that are thought to inhere to humanness, commonly categorised as either civil and political or social, economic and cultural. Civil and political rights include the right to vote, assemble and participate, as well as to free speech, religion and...

In the recent years North Macedonia and Serbia have been rated among top most polluted countries in the world. North Macedonia, being a candidate country since 2005 and awaiting a date to start negotiations for EU membership for more than ten years after receiving a positive recommendation to...

The Republic of Congo has fostered significant development of environmental law and policy over the years. However, in recent years, since 2015 with the adoption of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the Republic of Congo has been characterized by significant legislative activity, which is...

During 2018, Peru signed the Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean (Costa Rica) (March) and adopted the Declaration of Buenos Aires (October). This year was also important for the...

Nation States cannot survive in isolation. They are under a constant threat of security dilemma and compete to access or gain the sources. Countries are interdependent on one another for economic, social, cultural or institutional purposes. Inter dependency is usually associated with a trend...

"This book tells a new, unconventional story of the nexus between international trade and environmental law - a story in which the keyword is synergy rather than conflict, and where the trade regime was always meant for something greater than simply trade liberalization. This book intends to...

Introduction -- Distributed ledger technologies in capital markets -- Crypto-assets law and regulation -- Smart contracts and financial transactions : practice, risk, and governance -- Regulatory objectives for cryptocurrency systems : unstable coins, stable coins and state-backed cryptocurrency...

Two recent international environmental disputes have illustrated the significant uncertainty that exists concerning the provisions on reservations found in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (Vienna Convention). The first dispute occurred in 1998 when Cuba sought to enter a reservation...

What are the environmental laws of Australia and how and why were they developed? Answering these questions involves analysing the sources of environmental laws in Australia; the structure and content of Australian environmental laws; the judicial institutions that review, uphold and enforce...

Historic variation in the environment once served as a reliable guide to future behavior. Sustainability promised continuation of ecological and social structures and functions within the known envelope of historic variation. Now climate change and other environmental stressors are tipping...

Our essay questions how we understand local governance of the environment. From the perspective of those outside a city, the city can be understood through an external perception of what is “good” or “bad” about the city. One might visit a city to witness the location of natural wonders,...

More than half a century ago, Rudolph Schlesinger announced a global survey of legal principles in the pages of the American Journal of International Law. The project's objective was the identification of a “common core” of legal norms among the family of nations and the ultimate goal the...

This chapter shows that EU law has shaped – and continues to shape – the development of environmental tax measures at both EU and Member State level. Firstly, at the EU level, the EU's institutional framework has actually inhibited the harmonisation of environmentally-driven taxes. An...

It is an important policy in the European Union because it's horizontal application in all the European policies. The beginning of this policy was already in the 70,s but the ambitions did not meet the really and hence its influence was reduced. The central point of the policy was the...

This paper focuses on the development of policies and laws concerning overseas investment activities by Chinese public-sector entities, state-owned enterprises and private sector entities within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The scale of Chinese investment and development...

In recent years, the increasing carriage of HM by sea has already leaded to one of the major disputes between coastal and flag States. This is because of the potential damage to the marine environment and the socio-economic aftermath. Furthermore maritime accidents (e.g. M/T Ievoli Sun, M/T...

Introduction -- Chapter 1: What Is the “Right to Own Things”: Intellectual Property Law -- Chapter 2: What Are Appropriate Rules for Adjusting Interests in a Company: Corporate Law -- Chapter 3: What Are the Rules for Fair Competition: Antitrust Law -- Chapter 4: What Are the Desirable Rules...