Projecting the effects of proposed policy reforms is challenging because no outcome data exist for regulations that governments have not yet implemented. We propose an ex ante deep learning framework that can project effects of proposed reforms by mapping outcomes observed under past regulations...

The intersection of environmental policies and trade policies on external diseconomies has received considerable attention in recent years. However, the impacts of the timing of pollution taxes versus import tariffs on economic performance have not been formally considered, and this forms the...

Agriculture provides the raw materials needed to feed and clothe a global population of 8.3 billion, as well as the basic materials required for many other purposes. However, this comes at the cost of polluting the air, soil, water and natural habitats, and damaging biodiversity. The costs of...

Governments support the green transition through green public procurement. Using US data, this paper provides the first empirical analysis of the causal effects of green contracts on corporate greenhouse gas emissions and economic performance. We focus on an affirmative program for sustainable...

We study how international environmental agreements can take advantage of domestic time-inconsistency problems. Policymakers often prefer future policies to be sustainable, but are tempted to invest less when being in office. We find the equilibrium number of signatory countries to be higher...

By affecting prices and thereby market shares of green and brown firms, product innovations and process innovations influence industry emissions even when they do not directly affect the emission intensity of the innovating firm. Using a differentiated two-stage duopoly, this paper therefore...

We empirically examine the impact of carbon pricing on key macroeconomic variables and inclusive development with a newly compiled panel dataset covering 48 countries from 1989 to 2024. Using the local-projection difference-in-differences approach, we find that the introduction of carbon pricing...

This paper examines the impact of environmental policy stringency on a set of environmental impact indicators. Using a panel dataset of 19 European countries between 1995 and 2020, we find that more stringent environmental policy regimes are associated with significant reductions in potential...

Since agriculture is responsible for a considerable share of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), this paper examines the impact of various carbon taxes designed to incentivize environmentally friendly food consumption patterns in four European countries: Finland, Italy, Sweden, and...

Governments can support the green transition through green public procurement. Despite its strategic importance, the impact of this policy on firms remains unclear. Using US data, this paper provides the first empirical analysis of the causal effects of green contracts on corporate environmental...

When faced with making economic trade-offs between lower upfront purchase costs and lower operating costs, many consumers experience “capital bias”, a phenomenon that is tantamount to discounting future costs excessively. Consumers may therefore end up with investments that are sub-optimal...

Excess clothing consumption severely harms the environment, through greenhouse gas emissions, resource degradation and water pollution. For consumers, however, the trade-off between this environmental impact and the convenience of "fast fashion" is hidden at the point of purchase. We present a...

This paper shows how to combine microeconometric evidence on the effects of environmental policy with a macroeconomic model, accounting for general equilibrium spillovers that have mostly been ignored in the literature. To this end, we study the effects of a recent US air pollution policy. We...

The tax incidence is central to the effectiveness of taxation. In this paper, I examine the pass-through rate of an air passenger tax to airfares. Additionally, I analyse its impact on passenger numbers, air transport capacity, and the interaction with supply and demand elasticity. For...

Background: Environmental responsibility is a critical focus in business and production. International partners have urged Thai businesses to adhere to global standards in environmental and social accountability. Green logistics management focuses on minimizing costs and boosting competitive...