The Pareto distribution has been widely used to model income distribution and inequality. The tail index and the Gini index are typically computed by iteration using Maximum Likelihood and are usually interpreted in terms of the Lorenz curve. We derive an alternative method by considering a...

Geopolitical conflicts generate macroeconomic spillovers that extend beyond directly affected countries through trade and commodity linkages. This paper quantifies these effects for Germany, France, Italy, and Spain using a monthly Trade-Related Conflict Exposure (TRCE) index for 2009–2023...

This paper studies gender gaps in labor-market outcomes, with a focus on job ladder dynamics. We show that women experience substantially lower wage growth conditional on prior wages despite nearly identical job-to-job transition rates for men and women. To reconcile these observations, we...

This paper analyzes the intertemporal variation of trust on economic growth. Constructing a unique global country panel dataset and applying a system-generalized method of moments (SYSGMM) estimation approach to a sample of 75 global economies over a 40-year time span (1980-2019), this paper...

We provide experimental evidence on how fiscal news shapes households' expectations and spending behavior. Using a new survey of ~11,000 Korean individuals linked to automatically collected high-frequency spending data, we elicit respondents' fiscal and macroeconomic beliefs and randomly provide...

Using 1980-2019 Danish matched employer-employee data, we unpack the rise in wage sorting - the correlation between worker and firm wage fixed effects (Abowd et al., 1999) - from 0.06 to 0.18. The rise is driven entirely by reallocation of employment from persistently low-sorting to persistently...

This paper examines sectoral growth patterns across Chinese provinces during the country's economic takeoff in the early 2000s, following major policy reforms including trade liberalization, infrastructure expansion, business climate improvements, and relaxed rural-to-urban migration...

We extend the heteroskedasticity IV estimator of Rigobon and Sack (2004) from one to multiple monetary policy shocks by imposing recursive zero restrictions on the impact matrix. Unlike high-frequency identification, the approach requires neither intraday tick data nor precise announcement...

This study examines the dynamic transmission of international rubber prices along the SHFE-FOB Bangkok-local farm-gate chain in Thailand using weekly data and an integrated econometric-machine-learning framework. Engle-Granger cointegration tests reveal a stable long-run equilibrium in which...

This paper examines, through a modified aggregate demand curve, the reduction in equilibrium income caused by the presence of precautionary demand in the money demand function. Specifically, this paper rigorously analyses the transformation of the well-known fiscal and monetary policy...

This study aims to examine the impacts of AI investment on economic growth, while controlling for labor force participation and gross fixed capital formation in Germany. The analysis is based on data collected on the state of economic development in Germany from the first quarter of 2012 to the...

The interplay between fiscal and monetary policy is critical for small open economies exposed to global volatility, yet the regime-dependent nature of this transmission often remains underexplored. This study investigates whether the Hungarian economy operated under fiscal or monetary dominance...

This study documents substantial heterogeneity in returns to education by childhood poverty status among Indonesian wage workers aged 15-35. Individuals who grew up poor earn only 1.5 percent per additional year of schooling-less than onefourth of the 6.8 percent earned by those who were never...

This study examines the economic returns to education in the U.S. using 2024 CPS data and compares Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression with a Double Machine Learning (DML) framework incorporating models such as random forests, boosted trees, lasso, GAMs, and neural networks (MLP). Results...

This paper examines long-run linkages and possible instabilities in the gold–silver price relationship using daily futures prices over the period from 4 January 2010 to 28 November 2025. The empirical analysis includes unit-root and cointegration tests as well as endogenous structural break...

I develop a model-based definition of time-varying sovereign bond safety, and apply it empirically by constructing a news-based index, the FLY, that measures global safe-assets demand. The FLY captures flight-to-safety episodes, the savings glut, and natural interest rate declines. Estimated FLY...

his paper investigates how immigration affects consumer prices. Using scanner data and instrumenting county-level immigration with historical ancestry patterns, we find that an inflow of 10,000 immigrants lowers four-year price growth by 0.58 percentage points. Leveraging variation in firm...

This document introduces the R library estimateW to estimate spatial weight matrices for Bayesian spatial econometric panel models. The approach focuses on spatial weights that are binary prior to row-standardization. However, unlike recent literature our approach requires no strong a priori...

This Note describes methods for estimating potential fiscal savings across five spending categories—the wage bill, pension payments, capital spending, purchases of goods and services, and social protection spending. The primary methodology compares a country’s spending levels to specific...

In emerging markets, stock markets play a crucial role in supporting long-term growth. This study explores the causal relationship between stock market development and economic growth in the Fragile Five countries-Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey-covering the period from 2001...

This study examines the role of volatility mean reversion in option pricing and evaluates the performance of commonly used volatility estimators within a broad market context. Using a comprehensive dataset of end-of-day option chains for the 100 most actively traded U.S. equities from 2018 to...

This paper investigates the nonlinear and state-dependent relationship between inflation surprises and real equity returns across G7 economies. Using monthly data from January 1998 to May 2025, we employ nonlinear local projection models to estimate the dynamic responses of the equity market to...

This study applies a multiple threshold nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (MTNARDL) model to examine the asymmetric impact of real exchange rate volatility on Vietnam's exports and imports with its three leading trading partners: China, the United States, and South Korea. By allowing...

The US dollar (USD) has long been the dominant international currency. The euro (EUR), UK pound (GBP), Japanese yen (JPY), and other advanced economy (AE) currencies have played complementary roles to the USD as international currencies, while emerging market and developing economy (EMDE)...

The transformation of the labor market driven by digital technology has profoundly affected workers' income. Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2014-2022 and the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) 2012-2018, this paper systematically examines the causal effects of...

We examine whether restricting temporary contracts increases firms' investment in worker training, exploiting Spain's 2022 labour market reform. Using 3.1 million online job postings from 2018 to 2024, we implement a difference-in-differences design that leverages pre-reform variation in...

We consider five models of international trade that belong to the class of models in which the trade elasticity and domestic trade share are sufficient statistics for the welfare cost of autarky. Three are fixed-variety models featuring increasing micro-level margins of adjustment: versions of...

International trade flows show strong persistence over time. Standard static gravity models cannot rationalize this persistence and lack a micro-foundation for including lagged trade flows as a determinant of current trade. We develop a structural dynamic gravity framework in which persistence...

This paper presents a method for estimating treatment effects of local climate shocks when regions trade with each other. Because trade creates spillovers, comparing the change in outcomes of regions with different exposure to shocks leads to biased estimates. We model these between-region...