States require money to function and therefore every government has to continuously raise new funds. On the financial markets, governments cannot be sure that auctions of their debt will be sufficiently attractive to financial investors, which is why governments usually enter into cooperative...

The share of women on executive boards of large companies in Germany has increased somewhat more strongly than in previous years. The top 200 companies reached the ten percent mark for the first time: women held 14 more board positions than in the previous year, 94 out of 907. Growth was also...

The statutory gender quota for supervisory boards is effective: the proportion of women on supervisory boards has increased over the past years, especially in the companies subject to the quota. But is the quota creating trickle-down effects for executive boards? As the second part of the DIW...

Die Frauenanteile in den Vorständen großer Unternehmen in Deutschland sind im vergangenen Jahr etwas stärker gestiegen als in den Jahren zuvor. Die 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen knackten erstmals die Zehn-Prozent-Marke: 14 Vorstandsposten mehr als noch im Jahr zuvor - nämlich 94 von 907 -...

Die verbindliche Geschlechterquote für Aufsichtsräte wirkt: Insbesondere in den an sie gebundenen Unternehmen ist der Frauenanteil im Kontrollgremium in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich gestiegen. Doch wie sieht es mit der erhofften Strahlkraft der Quote auf die Vorstände aus? Dieser Bericht...

We model economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in the four largest euro area countries by applying machine learning techniques to news articles. The unsupervised machine learning algorithm used makes it possible to retrieve the individual components of overall EPU endogenously for a wide range of...

The share of women on executive boards of large companies in Germany has increased somewhat more strongly than in previous years. The top 200 companies reached the ten percent mark for the first time: women held 14 more board positions than in the previous year, 94 out of 907. Growth was also...

The statutory gender quota for supervisory boards is effective: the proportion of women on supervisory boards has increased over the past years, especially in the companies subject to the quota. But is the quota creating trickle-down effects for executive boards? As the second part of the DIW...

Die Frauenanteile in den Vorständen großer Unternehmen in Deutschland sind im vergangenen Jahr etwas stärker gestiegen als in den Jahren zuvor. Die 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen knackten erstmals die Zehn-Prozent-Marke: 14 Vorstandsposten mehr als noch im Jahr zuvor - nämlich 94 von 907 -...

Die verbindliche Geschlechterquote für Aufsichtsräte wirkt: Insbesondere in den an sie gebundenen Unternehmen ist der Frauenanteil im Kontrollgremium in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich gestiegen. Doch wie sieht es mit der erhofften Strahlkraft der Quote auf die Vorstände aus? Dieser Bericht...

These notes are based on parts of a keynote address to the Fourth Annual Conference on Money and Finance at Chapman University on 6-7 September 2019. Quantitative easing (QE) policies have been pushed to extremes and extended well beyond their use-by dates to little plausible effect in achieving...

This paper analyzes the impact of economic freedom along with traditional economic factors on economic growth for a panel of European countries. The growth of the gross domestic product was observed over a twenty-year time period on a sample of 43 developing and developed countries. Based on a...

Except for the history of colonialism, the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have similar roots and they share initial targets to foster economic growth and competitiveness. However, the EU and ASEAN have diverging economic integration paths. The ASEAN...

In der Diskussion um die Sicherstellung einer bedarfsgerechten Arzneimittelversorgung in Deutschland steht auch die Frage im Raum, wie die Forschungs- und Produktionsstandorte pharmazeutischer Unternehmen vor Ort gestärkt werden können. Die Kriterien, nach denen Unternehmen ihre...

While discussing the enhancement of the connectivity between Europe and Asia, this policy paper explores a new area of cooperation, which is the use of European long-term investment funds in Asia's infrastructure. We argue that, if Asian countries agree to offer 50% of their spillover revenue to...

States require money to function and therefore every government has to continuously raise new funds. On the financial markets, governments cannot be sure that auctions of their debt will be sufficiently attractive to financial investors, which is why governments usually enter into cooperative...

This report looks at employer–provided training in Europe. We start with a brief outline of the economic theory of training. We then look at the recent facts, by combining data from two employer surveys, the European Investment Bank's Investment Survey (EIBIS) and Eurostat's Continuous...

This report looks at employer-provided training in Europe. We start with a brief outline of the economic theory of training. We then look at the recent facts, by combining data from two employer surveys, the European Investment Bank's Investment Survey (EIBIS) and Eurostat's Continuous...

The article highlights the main trends in the development of world energy. The method of forecasting energy consumption is presented, taking into account the level and dynamics of energy consumption in general, as well as the use of individual energy resources with differentiation by countries...

This study investigates the effect of eco-efficiency actions on firm performance, considering both turnover and employment growth, in the European enterprises with different firm size classes. The sample includes 63303 firms from 13 different European Union countries. The main contributions of...

Using a representative sample of European firms, this paper studies whether and to what extent financing constraints affect employers' decisions to invest in employee training. It combines survey data on investment activities with administrative data on financial statements to develop an index...

Using a representative sample of European firms, this paper studies whether and to what extent financing constraints affect employers' decisions to invest in employee training. It combines survey data on investment activities with administrative data on financial statements to develop an index...

The paper argues that East Asia is setting the pace for the recent trend in regional and inter-regional integration, which is associated with multilateral infrastructure connectivity initiatives, like the "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) of the People's Republic of China and Japan's "Partnership...

This paper assesses the potential for skilled labor migration from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe. It utilizes representative surveys from Ghana and Kenya to shed light on the quality and distribution of skills in the labor markets of these countries. Skills in both countries are found to be...

Using a representative sample of European firms, we study whether and to what extent financing constraints affect employers' decision to invest in employee training. We combine survey data on investment activities with administrative data on financial statements to develop an index of financing...

The perceived lack of economic or social integration by immigrants in their host countries is a key concern in the public debate. Research shows that the option to naturalize has considerable economic and social benefits for eligible immigrants, even in countries with a tradition of restrictive...

Using a representative sample of European firms, we study whether and to what extent financing constraints affect employers' decision to invest in employee training. We combine survey data on investment activities with administrative data on financial statements to develop an index of financing...

This paper sheds light on the development of European Regional Financing Arrangements (RFAs) and the role of these financial backstops in resolving the recent euro area crisis. It documents a significant dual shift in the design of regional firewalls in Europe, from bilateral to multilateral...

We use aggregated data from Facebook to study the structure of social networks across European regions. Social connectedness declines strongly in geographic distance and at country borders. Historical borders and unions - such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and East/West Germany...

This paper assesses the potential for skilled labor migration from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe. It utilizes representative surveys from Ghana and Kenya to shed light on the quality and distribution of skills in the labor markets of these countries. Skills in both countries are found to be...

National statistical offices responsible for population projections should regularly evaluate their work. Norway is currently considering changing the way fertility is projected. To establish a solid basis for deciding the way forward, this paper describes the different ways various European...

Elaborating a popular assumption about the effects of immigration policies on the integration of migrants, we argue in this article that more restrictive immigration policies lead to the selection of immigrants with greater integration potential, and that this selection should foster migrant...

Despite extensive research on party system stability, the concept is often reduced to the survival of existing parties. This article argues for introducing programmatic stability as a separate dimension and shows how the combination of party replacement and programmatic instability shapes...

We explore the role of social capital in the spread of the recent Covid-19 pan­demic in independent analyses for Austria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Swe­den, Switzerland and the UK. We exploit within-country variation in social capital and Covid-19 cases to show that...