Die Frauenanteile in den Spitzengremien großer Unternehmen in Deutschland sind im vergangenen Jahr weiter gestiegen. In den 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen gab es im vierten Quartal des Jahres 2020 mit 101 Vorständinnen sieben mehr als ein Jahr zuvor. Hier wie auch in einigen anderen...

Der Frauenanteil in Aufsichtsräten großer Unternehmen in Deutschland ist in den vergangenen Jahren gestiegen. Wie dieser zweite Teil des DIW Managerinnen-Barometers 2021 zeigt, wirkt sich das deutlich positiv auf die Interaktion, Diskussion und Entscheidungsfindung in den Kontrollgremien...

Die Frauenanteile in den Spitzengremien großer Unternehmen in Deutschland sind im vergangenen Jahr weiter gestiegen. In den 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen gab es im vierten Quartal des Jahres 2020 mit 101 Vorständinnen sieben mehr als ein Jahr zuvor. Hier wie auch in einigen anderen...

Der Frauenanteil in Aufsichtsräten großer Unternehmen in Deutschland ist in den vergangenen Jahren gestiegen. Wie dieser zweite Teil des DIW Managerinnen-Barometers 2021 zeigt, wirkt sich das deutlich positiv auf die Interaktion, Diskussion und Entscheidungsfindung in den Kontrollgremien...

We examine the impact of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the nationwide movement restrictions on socio-economic attitudes in four European countries (France, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom). We conducted large-scale surveys while the pandemic rapidly spread before and after...

Die Wahl Joe Bidens zum nächsten US-Präsidenten wurde innerhalb der internationalen Ge-meinschaft groß gefeiert. Die Geschichte der US-Handelspolitik zeigt, dass es vielen Demokraten gelungen ist, als US-Präsidenten den Handelsliberalisierungsprozess zu beschleunigen. Die Zu-sammenstellung...

Die Corona-Krise hat gezeigt, dass der Optimalpunkt der Globalisierung aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach überschritten ist. Zum einen ist deutlich geworden, dass grenzüberschreitende Lieferketten auch Risiken mit sich bringen und damit zur Schockanfälligkeit von Volkswirtschaften beitragen. Zum...

Over the past years, the proportion of women on the supervisory boards of major companies in Germany has increased. As this second report in the DIW Women Executives Barometer 2021 shows, this has a meaningful, positive impact on the supervisory boards of many companies, and affects interactions...

We look at syndication in the venture capital industry. Investments conducted by syndicates are believed to have better chances of being successful, measured by the survival probability of portfolio companies or by successful exits. Using a novel and large dataset, covering several countries,...

The proportion of women on the boards of large companies in Germany continued to increase during 2020. In the fourth quarter of 2020, there were 101 female executive board members in the 200 largest companies, seven more than in 2019. However, growth was slow, as it was in some of the other...

We look at syndication in the venture capital industry. Investments conducted by syndicates are believed to have better chances of being successful, measured by the survival probability of portfolio companies or by successful exits. Using a novel and large dataset, covering several countries,...

The effects that the economic crisis triggered by COVID-19 is having on unemployment could hardly differ more than in the United States and Europe. This divergence also applies to the political reactions to it. Whereas the 27 member states of the European Union (EU-27) managed to keep...

States require money to function and therefore every government has to continuously raise new funds. On the financial markets, governments cannot be sure that auctions of their debt will be sufficiently attractive to financial investors, which is why governments usually enter into cooperative...

The share of women on executive boards of large companies in Germany has increased somewhat more strongly than in previous years. The top 200 companies reached the ten percent mark for the first time: women held 14 more board positions than in the previous year, 94 out of 907. Growth was also...

The statutory gender quota for supervisory boards is effective: the proportion of women on supervisory boards has increased over the past years, especially in the companies subject to the quota. But is the quota creating trickle-down effects for executive boards? As the second part of the DIW...

Die Frauenanteile in den Vorständen großer Unternehmen in Deutschland sind im vergangenen Jahr etwas stärker gestiegen als in den Jahren zuvor. Die 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen knackten erstmals die Zehn-Prozent-Marke: 14 Vorstandsposten mehr als noch im Jahr zuvor - nämlich 94 von 907 -...

Die verbindliche Geschlechterquote für Aufsichtsräte wirkt: Insbesondere in den an sie gebundenen Unternehmen ist der Frauenanteil im Kontrollgremium in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich gestiegen. Doch wie sieht es mit der erhofften Strahlkraft der Quote auf die Vorstände aus? Dieser Bericht...

This report looks at employer–provided training in Europe. We start with a brief outline of the economic theory of training. We then look at the recent facts, by combining data from two employer surveys, the European Investment Bank's Investment Survey (EIBIS) and Eurostat's Continuous...

Using a representative sample of European firms, this paper studies whether and to what extent financing constraints affect employers' decisions to invest in employee training. It combines survey data on investment activities with administrative data on financial statements to develop an index...

Using a representative sample of European firms, we study whether and to what extent financing constraints affect employers' decision to invest in employee training. We combine survey data on investment activities with administrative data on financial statements to develop an index of financing...

This paper assesses the potential for skilled labor migration from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe. It utilizes representative surveys from Ghana and Kenya to shed light on the quality and distribution of skills in the labor markets of these countries. Skills in both countries are found to be...

Elaborating a popular assumption about the effects of immigration policies on the integration of migrants, we argue in this article that more restrictive immigration policies lead to the selection of immigrants with greater integration potential, and that this selection should foster migrant...

Despite extensive research on party system stability, the concept is often reduced to the survival of existing parties. This article argues for introducing programmatic stability as a separate dimension and shows how the combination of party replacement and programmatic instability shapes...

We explore the role of social capital in the spread of the recent Covid-19 pan­demic in independent analyses for Austria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Swe­den, Switzerland and the UK. We exploit within-country variation in social capital and Covid-19 cases to show that...

We use aggregated data from Facebook to study the structure of social networks across European regions. Social connectedness declines strongly in geographic distance and at country borders. Historical borders and unions — such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and East/West...

We explore the role of social capital in the spread of the recent Covid-19 pandemic in independent analyses for Austria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Exploiting within-country variation, we show that a one standard deviation increase in social capital leads to...

In this paper, we investigate health and aging before and after retirement for specific occupational groups. We use five waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) dataset and construct a frailty index for elderly men and women from 10 European countries. We classify...

European banks are stronger today than they were on the eve of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, thanks to the reforms that have taken place since then. But will they be strong enough in the face of a health crisis closer to the Great Depression of the 1930s than the stress-test scenarios...

Die Auswirkungen der von Covid-19 ausgelösten Wirtschaftskrise auf die Arbeitslosigkeit könnten kaum unterschiedlicher sein als in den USA und Europa. Das gilt auch für die politischen Reaktionen: Während die EU-27 die Arbeitslosigkeit bisher weitgehend durch massiven Einsatz von Kurzarbeit...

The European Green Deal, initiated by the EU Commission, is a package of measures aimed at decarbonization and sustainable economic development with the goal of making the European Union climate neutral by 2050. To achieve this goal, the emission reductions target must be increased from 40...

Der von der EU-Kommission angestoßene European Green Deal, ein Maßnahmenpaket zur Dekarbonisierung und nachhaltigen Wirtschaftsentwicklung, sieht Klimaneutralität in der EU bis zum Jahr 2050 vor. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, muss das Emissionsreduktionsziel bis 2030 (im Vergleich zu 1990) von...

As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, global economic activity is expected to have fallen by almost 10 percent in the first half of 2020. However, the low point seems to have been passed in the meantime, and in China the economy has even already made up a considerable part of the production...

How the complex value-chain structures in European manufacturing sectors will absorb the wave of economic disruption.

The Healthy Immigrant Paradox found in the literature by comparing the health of immigrants to that of natives in the host country, may suffer from serious cultural biases. Our study evades such biases by utilizing a destination-origin framework, in which we compare the health of emigrants to...

The perceived lack of economic or social integration by immigrants in their host countries is a key concern in the public debate. Research shows that the option to naturalize has considerable economic and social benefits for eligible immigrants, even in countries with a tradition of restrictive...

We explore the role of social capital in the spread of the recent Covid-19 pandemic in independent analyses for Austria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Exploiting within-country variation, we show that a one standard deviation increase in social capital leads to...

Could robotization make the gender pay gap worse? We provide the first large-scale evidence on the impact of industrial robots on the gender pay gap using data from 20 European countries. We show that robot adoption increases both male and female earnings but also increases the gender pay gap....

Wage inequality has risen in many countries over recent decades. At the same time, production has become increasingly concentrated in a small number of firms. In this paper, we show that these two phenomena are linked. Theoretically, we show that shocks that increase concentration will also lead...

We look at syndication in the venture capital industry. Investments conducted by syndicates are believed to have better chances of being successful, measured by the survival probability of portfolio companies or by successful exits. Using a novel and large dataset, covering several countries,...

This study presents disparities in mortality rates of 38-41 European countries and attempts at giving explanations for these. Explanatory factors of premature (0-64 ages) and old age (above 65 years old) mortality rates are compared accordig to causespecific diseases and genders for 2009. In...

We explore the role of social capital in the spread of the recent Covid-19 pandemic in independent analyses for Austria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. We exploit within-country variation in social capital and Covid-19 cases to show that high-social-capital...

As technology continues to innovate at lightning speeds and technology becomes more central to everyday life, personal data must be protected. In 2017, the passage of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union set an important precedent in the world of data protection...