The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a servant leadership development intervention. A one-group pre-test and post-test experimental design was applied to evaluate servant leadership behavior before and after a servant leadership intervention. A sample of 44 managers was...

Following the advice of the 2014 evaluation of the Thünen Institute by the German Science and Humanities Council, the Thünen Institute has started to encourage its working groups to be evaluated by external experts as part of its quality management. The Marine Recreational Fisheries Working...

The article analyses the state of awareness, use, and willingness to use artificial intelligence (AI) in business and economic universities, according to Romanian academics. It is also highlighting the main consequence of AI use in economic and business university education, with the aim of...

Following the advice of the 2014 evaluation of the Thünen Institute by the German Science and Humanities Council, the Thünen Institute has started to encourage its working groups to be evaluated by external experts as part of its quality management. The Marine Recreational Fisheries Working...

Die große Mehrheit der Beschäftigten in Deutschland bewertet ihre Arbeitsbedingungen überwiegend positiv. Rund 5.000 Beschäftigte wurden in der IW-Beschäftigtenbefragung 2025 zwischen Ende Mai bis Anfang Juni gebeten, neun zentrale Merkmale ihres Arbeitsplatzes anhand von Schulnoten zu...

This paper examines the impact of the European Union's Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 on enterprise dynamics at the NUTS-2 level. Using discrete eligibility thresholds at 75 and 90 percent of EU average GDP per capita, we implement sharp and fuzzy regression discontinuity designs to assess effects on...

Indonesia’s forest ecosystems are critical for sustaining economic growth, human well-being, and biodiversity conservation. Despite covering less than 1 percent of the Earth’s landmass, Indonesia contains 10 percent of the world’s tropical rainforests, making it the third largest such area...

The Independent Evaluation Group’s (IEG) Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategy marks an important milestone in its journey of continuous experimentation, learning, and adaptation to integrate AI in evaluation. It reaffirms IEG's commitment to scale up the use of AI, deliberately and...

A large body of research across management, psychology, accounting, and economics shows that subjective performance evaluations are systematically biased: ratings cluster near the midpoint of scales and are often excessively lenient. As organizations increasingly adopt large language models...

Die Alterssicherungskommission der Bundesregierung soll einerseits eine Kennziffer für das Gesamtversorgungsniveau aus gesetzlicher Rente, betrieblicher und geförderter Privatvorsorge entwickeln. Andererseits soll es darum gehen, wie der Lebensstandardsicherung im Alter gesichert werden kann....

Die kommunale Planung stellt einen multidimensionalen Entscheidungsprozess dar. Innerhalb dessen wird Transparenz nicht nur als Informationszugang verstanden, sondern umfasst auch die Offenlegung von Bewertungsstandards, Entscheidungslogiken und Verfahrensschritten. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die...

Die kommunale Planung stellt einen multidimensionalen Entscheidungsprozess dar. Innerhalb dessen wird Transparenz nicht nur als Informationszugang verstanden, sondern umfasst auch die Offenlegung von Bewertungsstandards, Entscheidungslogiken und Verfahrensschritten. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die...

Public procurement in many European Union member states remains strongly priceoriented, often at the expense of delivery performance, innovation, and effective risk management. This study examines how the Best Value Approach (BVA) operates within a post-transition, legality-focused...

A large body of research across management, psychology, accounting, and economics shows that subjective performance evaluations are systematically biased: ratings cluster near the midpoint of scales and are often excessively lenient. As organizations increasingly adopt large language models...

Online ratings emerge from a multi-stage process that can systematically distort their informational content. We develop a unified framework decomposing the rating process into distinct components: experienced quality (driven by intrinsic quality, seller effort, and price), expectations formed...

Quality ratings are useful when they capture important and durable aspects of overall performance. They are less useful (and can be misleading) when they are excessively volatile, particularly if volatility is not the result of facility-specific performance. We study the volatility of the...

IEG@50: Celebrating 50 Years of Independent Evaluation at The World Bank Group is a commemorative report marking five decades of independent evaluation across the World Bank Group. The report celebrates the legacy of the Operations Evaluation Department and its transformation into the...

Machine learning-based credit risk models are commonly assessed using discrimination metrics alone. Such evaluation, however, does not fully capture economic consequences, temporal deployment conditions, or changes in the underlying risk environment. This study develops a decision-aligned,...

The 2024 Results and Performance of the World Bank Group report - also known as the RAP- is the fourteenth annual report in the series. The RAP series aggregates and interprets evidence on World Bank Group performance, mainly using IEG's validations of World Bank, International Finance...

This study compares two tools used to observe and assess how teachers support student learning: the LEGO Foundation's Engage tool, formerly PLAY, and the World Bank's Teach Primary tool. The goal was to evaluate their similarities and overlaps in their measurement of teaching practices. Nine...

Incorporating sustainability into business operations is likely to become one of the most significant priorities and challenges for companies in the near future. SMEs operating within conventional frameworks often experience constraints when adjusting to evolving circumstances. They frequently...

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the effect of public consumer ratings on market outcomes in credence goods markets. Contrary to search or experience goods, consumers cannot evaluate all dimensions of trade for credence goods, which may inhibit the information and reputation-building...

In this annex we include the four case studies conducted for each of the four pillars of the EBCP. Each case study is based on a selection of project grants, procurement contracts and Joint Actions (JA) related to cancer funded under the EU4Health Programme. The case studies cover projects...

This report introduces the Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME) and the Protected Area Governance and Equity (PAGE) concepts and most frequently used tools and then provides guidelines on the usage of the relative web modules of the BIOPAMA Reference Information System (RIS) developed...

Der vorliegende Bericht liefert erste quantitative Analysen zur Inanspruchnahme der Öko-Regelungen in der GAP-Förderperiode 2023 bis 2027 in Deutschland. Die Auswertungen wurden durch eine literaturbasierte Analyse zu den Umweltwirkungen der Öko-Regelungen und eine Diskussion ausgewählter...

The introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany in 2015 aimed at improving the welfare of low-wage workers but was also accompanied by concerns about distortions in Europe's largest economy. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of results from the evaluation of the German minimum...

This study examines the short-term effects of the introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany on hourly wages, monthly wages and paid working hours. We exploit a novel panel dataset by linking the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) 2014 and the Earnings Survey (ES) 2015 and apply a...

Background: Container terminals are a pivotal part of global logistics networks, influencing supply chain reliability and port competitiveness. Traditional performance evaluation methods, such as KPI-based assessments or multi-criteria analyses, often fail in dynamic operational conditions with...