We evaluate a two year school development program aimed at enhancing the quality of education for recent migrant students and Swedish language learners through customized packages of professional development for teachers and support of school man-agement. We exploit the pairwise randomized roll...

When refugees flee abroad, they carry the legacy of their traumatic experiences across borders. While there are over 43 million refugees worldwide, the long-term effects of conflict exposure on their well-being remain poorly understood. This paper examines how pre-displacement exposure to...

Employment gaps between refugees and natives are well documented, yet the role of trauma-related mental health in shaping these gaps remains underexplored, partly because most data sources lack measures of symptoms early after arrival. We assess probable PTSD shortly after displacement in an...

Access to the labor market is crucial for the economic integration of asylum seekers. This study estimates the causal impact of work authorization timing on the labor market outcomes of likely asylum seekers. We link USCIS administrative records with American Community Survey microdata and use...

Despite rising refugee numbers worldwide, refugees' return decisions remain poorly understood. Prior work examines either intentions or realized return, but not both. We fielded a ten-wave panel of Ukrainian refugees, linking prewar home municipalities to geocoded conflict and territorial...

The Kenya Longitudinal Socioeconomic Study of Refugees and Host Communities (K-LSRH) is the first national panel survey of registered refugees and hosts in Kenya. It provides a unique opportunity to inform efforts to enhance the socioeconomic integration of refugees. Unlike previous surveys that...

This open access book offers innovative contributions to the climate-migration-health nexus and the role of regional governance in this nexus, emphasizing the importance of interregional cooperation in addressing these challenges. It considers climate change as an intensifier of leading to...

International support has failed to keep pace with the growing numbers of refugees and internally displaced persons, thus creating a financing gap between their needs and available resources. The recent US withdrawal from funding development and humanitarian programmes has only compounded this...

This policy brief offers advice for making digital remote work a viable solution to fill labour gaps without requiring workers to physically relocate. From a technology standpoint, there is no reason someone who does computer-based work must physically relocate, assuming they have the required...

Climate-related extreme weather events are increasingly displacing communities across Southern Africa, with negative implications for social cohesion, livelihoods, and community resilience. Understanding how displacement erodes social cohesion is important for developing strategies for restoring...

Objective: The article aims to analyse the key determinants of multiple dimensions of economic integration among Ukrainians in Poland, including employment status, job quality, skill matching, job satisfaction, and perceived financial situation, with a comparison between forced and economic...

Relocating refugees to remote purpose-built settlements offers an alternative to hosting refugees in traditional camps or local communities. Yet, its consequences remain poorly understood. This paper evaluates the well-being and fiscal implications of relocating Rohingya refugees from the...

This report estimates the global cost of refugee inclusion in host countries' health systems. The methodology applies current health spending in host countries to the number of refugees in each country and models' capital costs to support additional resource needs, such as building new health...

This joint World Bank and UNHCR report is developed in response to the United Nation (UN) omnibus resolution to coordinate an effort to measure the impact arising from hosting, protecting and assisting refugees. Following this resolution UNHCR, with assistance from the World Bank, led a...

Migration remains one of the most politicized and misunderstood phenomena in contemporary public discourse. This essay interrogates four persistent myths that continue to shape migration narratives: that global migration is historically unprecedented; that we are facing a large-scale refugee...

The European Commission, Italy, and Greece are seeking to curb irregular migration through Libya. These efforts come at a time when several aspects of European Union (EU) migration policy in Libya must be acknowledged as having failed. This is particularly true of attempts to improve conditions...

The Venezuelan displacement crisis has become a defining moment in South-South migration dynamics across Latin America. Since 2015, severe food shortages, medicine scarcity, soaring inflation and widespread human rights violations have driven a massive exodus from Venezuela. By June 2024, the...

We study how low and medium-skilled refugee immigration affects natives’ labor market outcomes. Using individual-level panel data on the German workforce for 2011-2019 and exogenous regional variation from processing authorities’ distances, we find that a larger inflow of refugees to a...

In this paper, we examine how building permit rates, in particular those for housing in one- and two-family homes, were affected by the presence of refugees in the wake of the 2015/16 refugee surge in Germany. Our panel data set covers all German counties with available data over the years...

This paper examines the early implementation of Ethiopia's refugee work rights policy, with a focus on the issuance of permits that enable refugees to engage in economic activities. Building on significant legal and institutional advances under the 2019 Refugee Proclamation and subsequent...

The sentiment among refugees in Germany has changed significantly: Using Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data from 2016 to 2023, it can be seen that refugees have been feeling increasingly unwelcome since 2018, while their concerns about xenophobia have grown since 2019. In addition, cross-sectional...

On 5 September 2015, the German government suspended the EU’s Dublin III regulations, allowing all asylum seekers to apply for asylum in Germany. This policy change motivated more than one million people, especially Syrians, Afghans, and Iraqis, to enter the country. This study examines the...

Tackling an under-explored topic in the scientific literature, with high potential and of societal relevance, the paper aims at investigating the entrepreneurial intentions of Syrian refugees in Türkiye. Drawing from the experience of 50 interviewees, the research reveals a population with...

Becoming a German citizen marks a key step in the integration process of immigrants. An analysis of data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) shows that more and more refugees from six main countries who came to Germany between 2013 and 2019 were already naturalized or had applied to naturalize....

"Background to the study and data Basis: - The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused a massive refugee movement since February 24, 2022, with mostly women and children fleeing to European countries, including Germany. Around one million people from Ukraine have now been living in Germany for...

This paper examines the impact of immigration on voting behaviour. Exploiting a unique natural experiment, we research parliamentary election results in Poland following the 2022 inflow of Ukrainian refugees. We exploit the variation in hosted refugees across Polish counties and utilise a...

Many studies exploit the random placement of individuals into groups such as schools or regions to estimate the effects of group-level variables on these individuals. Assuming a simple data generating process, we show that the typical estimate contains three components: the causal effect of...

This paper analyzes the role of health for refugees' integration into host societies' labor markets. We exploit the quasi-random dispersal policies of refugees across regions in Germany to analyze the causal effect of health on employment. Based on regional and temporal heterogeneity in a policy...

Background: Many refugees arrived in Germany in 2015 and 2016. At the same time, anti-refugee attitudes among Germans increased. This indicates an association between immigration and attitudes. Now, ten years later, renewed public concern about immigration - while not many immigrate to Germany -...

With the multiple crises unfolding worldwide, the number of refugees has been increasing. One of the fundamental rights central to the well-being and protection of refugees is the "right to work," and this paper aims to investigate how the right to work for refugees evolved from an international...