"This book addresses the major challenges to international cooperation for the development of the Arctic in view of the rapid growth in exploration and utilization of Arctic natural and environmental resources and transport connectivity between Europe, Asia, and North America. It covers the...

In order to study the dynamic changes in gas concentration, to reduce gas hazards, and to protect and improve mining safety, a new method is proposed to predict gas concentration. The method is based on the opposite degree algorithm. Priori and posteriori values, opposite degree computation,...

This paper provides a non-renewable resource extraction model with both technological change and resource exploration. Especially, we consider two types of technology, extraction technology and exploration technology. We show how these technologies affect efficient non-renewable resource...

The Hotelling rule argues that the price for a non-renewable resource adjusts to the shadow value of the resource, reflecting its remaining availability. This study provides an empirical test of this hypothesis. It investigates whether the price of crude oil does adjust to unexpected news about...