Singapore in the History of British North Borneo : an Examination of Singapore as Centre to the Region / Danny Tze Ken Wong -- China, Entrepo??t Trade, and Singapore Chinese Merchants, 1945-65 / Jason Lim -- Trading Hub Beyond Ideologies : Singapore-North Korean Economic Connection and Mission...

This study investigates the agri-food sector, food trade, and food availability (as a component of food security) within the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), emphasizing the critical importance of agriculture across its member states. This significance is particularly pronounced in less...

There is a prevailing belief that international law can be harnessed to prevent international problems. However, international law is an intrinsic part of the current state of the capitalist world system. This issue is often overlooked in the dominant discourse. Yet, the international law,...

This year’s Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Tianjin marked the largest gathering in the organisation’s history, drawing more than 20 heads of state and 10 representatives of international organisations. At the SCO+ session, China’s Head of State and Party Leader Xi...

The world is falling behind on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a situation exacerbated by recent geopolitical disruptions and challenges to international cooperation. This policy brief, based on a virtual roundtable in the context of the Hamburg Sustainability Conference (HSC) with...

Industrial policy has returned to the centre of global economic debate. Once dismissed as inefficient, government intervention is now seen as vital for addressing climate change, technological competition and supply chain vulnerabilities. Yet the rise in uncoordinated national strategies risks...

Launched in 2013, China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was originally devised to link East Asia and Europe through a network of physical and digital infrastructure. This article analyses the BRI's development in the European context by offering a comparative analysis of 727 BRI and BRI-like...

This empirical qualitative research explores the texts of 14 free trade agreements (FTAs) concluded by Arab Gulf countries individually or as block. The objective is to evaluate if these documents are gender-responsive using an internationally recognised framework that qualitatively measures if...

This study examines the impact of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) on participation in global value chains (GVCs) among South Asian economies, specifically Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. This research offers new empirical insights into the relatively underexplored relationship...

This policy brief considers the economic dependencies of Finland and the European Union on the United States. We seek to provide an overview of dependencies related to foreign trade, direct investment and finance, excluding closely related topics such as technological dependencies. The US is a...

Campos et al. (2021) (Economics Letters) show that including domestic trade flows in the gravity model is important for estimating the effect of trade agreements (TAs), regardless of how these flows are measured. Without domestic trade flows, TA effects are small, negative, and statistically...

Using a state of the art structural gravity model, we investigate the impact of various (post-)colonial cocoa trading arrangements on the cocoa trade between developing cocoa producer countries and rich industrial cocoa consumer nations in the time period 1951 to 1999. We find that in particular...

The biannual Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit meetings are a fixed component of regional summit diplomacy. Internationally, however, they tend to attract little to no attention. This is partly due to their reputation as mere "talk shops" that rarely produce concrete results...

Time for a Strategic Partnership: The Potential for Deepening German-Moroccan CooperationGermany and Morocco have a long-standing history of development cooperation, which is now evolving amid a rapidly changing regional and international context. This partnership benefits both countries, and...

Zambia stands at a pivotal moment in its development trajectory. The government's Vision 2030 sets ambitious economic growth targets. Energy security is critical to meeting these goals - both to power the expansion of strategic sectors such as mining and agriculture, and to reach the millions of...

Armenia's information-communication-technology (ICT) exports climbed to US $1.1 billion in 2023, a 43 percent year-on-year surge that places the small Caucasus republic among the world's ten fastest-growing tech exporters. This paper asks how Armenia's digital capacities can be operationalised...

This study employs an economic growth model to assess the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic. Using a time-series Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approach within an econometric framework, the authors estimated the effects of gross capital formation,...

This paper examines EU-US economic relations, presenting evidence on trade and investment patterns and analysing transatlantic differences in short-term macroeconomic developments, productivity trends, economic structures, and policy orientations. It outlines three plausible trajectories of the...

This paper examines EU-US economic relations, presenting evidence on trade and investment patterns and analysing transatlantic differences in short-term macroeconomic developments, productivity trends, economic structures, and policy orientations. It outlines three plausible trajectories of the...

How effective are trade sanctions? We study the unprecedented sanctions imposed on Russia following February 2022, when Western countries banned exports accounting for 36% of Russia's prewar import value. Combining novel, hand-collected records of these sanctions with Russian customs data, firm...

This paper studies the impact of geopolitical risks on international trade, using the Geopolitical Risk (GPR) index of Caldara and Iacoviello (2022) and an empirical gravity model. The impact of spikes in geopolitical risk on trade is negative, strong, and heterogeneous across sectors. The...

This article examines the underlying motives behind the United States' trade and technological conflict with China since 2018. While the measures undertaken-ranging from tariffs and export controls to investment screening and industrial policy-are often interpreted through the lens of economic...

We use detailed tariff data and a dynamic trade and reallocation model with downward nominal wage rigidities to quantitatively assess the economic consequences of the recent increase in U.S. import tariffs and the responses of its trading partners. Higher tariffs trigger an expansion in U.S....