The aim of the article is to present a review of the literature on energy subsidies and the scale and structure of subsidies for energy production in the Visegrad Group countries. It also presents the most important results of an investigation into the relationship and impact of fossil fuel...

The Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022 shook continental geopolitics and led to a major shift in EU energy policy. The necessary speed of the combined diversification away from the Russian energy sources, fossil fuel phase-out and mass scale-up of low-carbon energy and technologies are...

We analyse the evolution of the systemic risk impact of oil and natural gas companies since 2000. This period is characterised by several events that affected energy source markets: the real effect of the global financial crisis, the explosion of shale production and the diffusion of the...

China is the largest CO2 emitter in the world, and it shared 28% of the global CO2 emissions in 2017. According to the Paris Agreement, it is estimated that China's CO2 emissions will reach its peak by 2030. However, whether or not the CO2 emissions in China will rise again from its peak is...

Rapidly rising carbon emissions from the intense development of Western Canada’s fossil fuels continue to aggravate the global climate emergency and destabilize democratic structures. The urgency of the situation demands not only scholarly understanding, but effective action. Regime of...

Despite the global resolves to curtail fossil fuel consumption in favour of clean energies, several countries continue to rely on carbon-intensive sources in meeting their energy demands. Financial constraints and limited knowledge with regard to green energy sources constitute major setbacks to...

We apply a panel vector autoregressive model (PVAR) to assess the relationship between renewable energy, coal, oil and natural gas consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, crude oil prices, and economic growth. The sample contains 15 countries from 1990 to 2019. Granger causality tests demonstrate...

The Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) affected the financial markets since the year 2000. Asset managers and investors consider Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) as a popular investment vehicle which represents a source of growth for sustainable strategies. Clean Energy ETFs (CE ETF) are...

In this paper, we focus on the impact of a occasionally binding quantity constraint on fossil fuel imports and compare the effects with those of an exogenous fossil fuel markup price shock. We show that while both shocks have similar responses to GDP and CPI inflation, they differ with respect...

Despite some progress, the Group of Seven (G7) have yet to act collectively to foster a low-carbon transition of their economies. This paper outlines such a strategy, which would also encourage other economies to follow suit. This strategy has three elements. First, the G7 should agree to end...

Steelmaking is one of the two largest industrial contributors to climate change, accounting for 7-9% of global CO2 emissions. To achieve drastic emission reduction in the steel sector, integrating breakthrough low-carbon technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology and...

China is currently the world’s largest oil importer and is on track to becoming the biggest consumer of liquefied natural gas (LNG). This dependency is viewed as a strategic vulnerability, especially as China’s ties with the USA are worsening and Beijing has growing concerns about...

Using non-parametric estimates with imposing inequality restrictions, we study returns and risks of green and brown portfolios constructed from fossil fuel and clean energy ETFs. The green portfolios do not unconditionally outperform brown ones, but the outperformance of green portfolios is...

Environmentally harmful fossil fuel subsidies were notably absent from efforts to enhance the mutual supportiveness of trade and environment in the multilateral trading system. However, a combination of several factors has recently propelled the reform of such subsidies into prominence on the...

Australia is moving from a fossil fuel-dominated energy mix to one that is increasingly powered by solar and wind. Fossil fuel exports are also likely to decline given their poor compatibility with the net-zero emission targets of key trading partners. There is the potential for a variety of new...

Countries are responding to unsustainable resource extraction, rising emissions, and increasing waste streams by implementing national bioeconomy strategies. Assuming that the purpose of a bioeconomy is to replace fossil use by biogenic resource use, we estimate biomass and fossil raw material...

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to a slowdown in the world’s energy trade and changes in the use of energy resources. Meanwhile, global conditions are confused and can affect fossil energy spot markets, including crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, and natural gas. In this paper,...

China, the world's largest energy consumer, has been increasingly relying on pricing policies to improve energy efficiency in recent years. This paper estimates the impact of Differential Electricity Pricing (DEP) policy, which covers the most energy-intensive industries in China. Under the DEP...

Governments around the world continue to subsidize fossil fuel use, incentivizing unsustainable consumption levels with consequences for the global climate and human health. However, governments have proven reluctant to reform fossil fuel subsidies (FFS). This is mainly due to concerns over...

Fossil fuel combustion is a major contributor to urban air pollution, which in turn can lead to negative health outcomes. While the relationship between fuel prices and consumption has been extensively documented, the knock-on impact on air quality is less studied. Detailed knowledge on the...

This is the tenth edition of the Republic of Congo Economic Update. Each edition of this annual report presents an overview of the Republic of Congo's (ROC) evolving macroeconomic position, followed by a detailed exploration of a specific topic. The first chapter of this year's update presents...

The Gabon Economic Update is an annual World Bank publication that presents an overview of the evolving macroeconomic position in Gabon, followed by a detailed exploration of a specific topic in each edition. The first chapter analyzes recent economic developments, as well as the macroeconomic...

The present work investigates the links between Ricardian and Sraffian economic analyses and the emerging themes of ecological macroeconomics, namely the impact of global warming and ecological or natural crises, the depletion of non-produced material resources, and the energy transition. The...

This Wuppertal Paper analyses the energy transition models of Colombia and Germany. The emphasis of the exercise is on an analysis of options for the complete decarbonization of the energy system in Colombia as a Global South country. To this end, it analyses the current situation, projections,...

We analyze the relationships within the liquid fuels system and its associated supply chain using innovative network filtering methods, namely the Minimum Spanning Tree and Triangulated Maximally Filtered Graph. Our findings reveal that biofuels form robust connections with their feedstocks that...

We study whether climate risk will affect the stock returns of fossil fuel companies in international markets. Our results show that in the world market, a 1% increase in climate risk will increase the stock returns of fossil fuel companies by 85 BP to 121 BP. We also prove that this climate...

Fossil fuel subsidies are universally regarded as bad policy, yet they are depressingly common. Evidently, domestic politics drives this outcome. Drawing on recent literature, this very short paper summarizes lessons for reformers in a way, it is hoped, that they find useful

This paper identifies 40 economies heavily dependent on the extraction and exports of fossil fuels. Aside from a handful of primarily wealthier countries, most have little or no savings to help manage an inevitable steep fall in external demand under an ambitious global decarbonization scenario....

This study utilised the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to analyse the impact of fossil energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and government health spending on infant and under-5 mortality rates in Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. The analysis showed that carbon dioxide emissions...

To favor transition towards sustainable agricultural systems, the agricultural sector needs to reduce its dependence on external inputs. From an ecological economics perspective, this requires the simultaneous fulfillment of a gross energy surplus on the farm (production condition), and a...

This is the first edition of the Economic Update for Equatorial Guinea. This report presents recent economic developments in Equatorial Guinea as well as the medium-term economic outlook and risks (Chapter 1), followed by a detailed exploration of a specific topic (Chapter 2). This edition...