This article discusses the ethics and drivers of philanthropic foundations in emerging markets. A foundation organizes assets to invest in philanthropic initiatives. Previous scholarship has largely focused on developed countries, especially the United States, and has questioned the ethics...

In the absence of owners, how effective are the constraints imposed by the state in promoting effective firm governance? This paper develops state-level indices of the legal and reporting rules facing not-for-profits and examines the effects of these rules on not-for-profit behavior. Stronger...

With the growing call for private sector actors to address global challenges, it is necessary to first assess whether regions with the greatest needs are accessing corporate philanthropy. In this paper, we ask whether corporate philanthropy is reaching those with the greatest health-care needs....

We research the preferences and outcomes of direct venture capital investment of charitable foundations and university endowments in the United States and the United Kingdom. Our analysis provides evidence that foundations' and endowments' venture capital direct investments are clustered in...

Purpose - This research paper aims to determine the factors needed to propose a platform where waqf (Islamic endowment) organizations can collaborate with government public hospitals to develop corporate waqf hospitals. Consequently, the elements of governance and sustainability are included in...

The recent proposal for tax reform developed by the Department of the Treasury suggests dramatic changes in the structure of the personal income tax. One likely side effect of the changes will be a significant adverse impact on the level of charitable contributions by individuals.This paper...

Die Befragung unter Familienunternehmen aller Größenklassen hat ergeben: Der langfristige Erhalt des Unternehmens ist das wichtigste Motiv für die Gründung einer Stiftung. Die Studie zeigt, dass Stiftungslösungen sehr passgenau einsetzbar sind. Die Stiftung Familienunternehmen hat die...

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively discuss the issue of risk vis-à-vis the perpetuity restriction principle inherent in waqf (Islamic endowment). Specifically, it attempts to consolidate the axioms in both conventional and Islamic finance, such as the risk-return...

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to seek to establish an effective governance framework for waqf (Islamic endowment) in the Republic of Guinea that would assist in enhancing socio-economic activities and eradicating poverty in the country. Design/methodology/approach - It examines key...

Purpose Small farmers are considered one of the most affected communities worldwide due to poverty. Hence, this paper aims to study how the proposed waqf crowdfunding models are intended to provide alternative sources of funds for the waqf institutions and farmers. Design/methodology/approach...

Purpose This paper critically reviews and analyzes the trends in waqf studies within the Islamic economics literature. It analyzes the recent developments and debates in waqf reform and advances the argument for prioritizing research on waqf economics; the waqf dimension that is concerned with...

As the number of Indonesians migrating to foreign countries grows, so do the remittances they send back to Indonesia. The amounts are significant. The World Bank's Migration and remittance Factbook noted that in 2008 Indonesia ranked thirteenth in the world's top remittance-receiving countries....

Corporation foundation is one of the most popular tools for Chinese corporations and entrepreneurs to carry out their charitable activities. However, do these foundations play a role in the development of Chinese civil society and in what ways? Followed by a brief introduction on the history,...

When the private incentives faced by individuals in a society are not properly aligned with their shared goals, a collective action problem arises. This paper focuses on the free-rider problem of aid, the collective action problem of getting people to contribute privately to charity. It examines...

A common approach to the management of endowment is to treat it as if it were the only asset of the university. This approach leads to prescriptions for optimal investment and expenditure policies that are essentially the same across universities. Indeed, the resulting optimal portfolio...

Tax return data, which has been a principal source for econometric investigations of the behavioral response to tax policy, is subject to misreporting that may bias estimates of tax responsiveness. The misreporting arises because understatement of taxable income may itself be a function of an...

$3 billion was transferred from over 2,200 U.S. private foundations to five donor advised fund (DAF) sponsors between 2010 and 2018. Within this universe, a growing number of private foundations have made a single grant during a reporting year to a commercial DAF. Looking just at transfers to...

A number of firms in Northern Europe and especially in Denmark are owned by private foundations similarly to what would have been the case if the Ford Foundation had owned a majority of the shares in Ford Motor Company. Foundation-owned companies appear to perform surprisingly well in terms of...

This paper considers section 4941, the private foundation excise tax on self-dealing, on the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary. Part I gives background on section 4941. Part II compares the rules of section 4941 to the parallel ones applicable to public charities, including the special rules...

We find that socially responsible investment (SRI) policies are more common among the endowments of universities that face greater stakeholder pressure to adopt such policies and depend more on donations to fund operations. SRI policies result in cumulative abnormal donations of 6% of endowment...

An up-and-coming staffer at a small family foundation was considering whether to recommend a corporate bond investment to the foundation's investment committee. Her exploration was inspired by an article that identified some attractive corporate bond investments, and she was examining the merits...

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the Sharīʿah premises of waqf (Islamic endowment), followed by dilating on the nature of argumentation among the classical jurists on its rules and principles. The paper critically analyses the edifice of the applied juristic analogy of different early...

Over the past fifty years, the corporate waqf has emerged in Turkey, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Malaysia. Corporate waqf hybridizes the Islamic trust (the waqf) and the modern Western corporation to create a charitable endowment whose asset base consists of shares in a company. The...

We present the first estimates of investment returns and distribution rates for U.S. non-profit endowment funds, based on a comprehensive sample of 35,262 organizations drawn from Internal Revenue Service filings for 2009-2018, a period that saw a sharp drop followed by a lengthy appreciation in...

It has been argued that the Swedish tax system has favored firm control through private foundations, which should have inhibited entrepreneurship and economic growth. However, research has been hampered due to a lack of systematic historical tax data. The purpose of this study is to describe the...

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit Gründungen durch Akademikerinnen und Akademiker mit Migrationshintergrund. Dabei wurden vor allem der Bezug dieser Gründungen zu der Umwelt – dem Gründerökosystem –, in der sie stattfinden, sowie ihre gegenseitigen Wechselwirkungen untersucht. Der...

"This will be the 8th edition of one of the bestselling books on effective, mission-driven fundraising that is widely used in the field by nonprofit organizations across the country. It has often been called "the Bible of grassroots fundraising" and is a soup to nuts description of how to build,...

"Waqf is one of the most potent socio-economic tools for reducing public sector deficit and break the chain of intergenerational poverty. Providing a high-level discussion on waqf development and innovation within the context of the modern socio-economic and legal developments, this book...