We report the results of a randomized controlled trial testing whether incentivizing physical exercise improves the academic performance of college students. As expected, the intervention increases physical activity. The main result is that it generates a strong and significant improvement in...

Team Tennis competitions produce aggregate scores for teams, and thus team rankings, based on head-to-head matchups of individual team members. Similar scoring rules can be used to rank any two groups that must be compared on the basis of paired elements. We explore such rules in terms of their...

Fragt man junge Erwachsene, ob sie in ihrer Jugend Sport getrieben haben, bejahen das unabhängig vom Bildungshintergrund der Eltern rund drei Viertel. Betrachtet man hingegen, wie viel Zeit Jugendliche mit sportlichen Aktivitäten verbringen, zeigen sich deutlich niedrigere Werte bei Befragten...

Injury rates in twelve U.S. men’s college sports and five U.S. boys' high school sports are examined in this paper. The sports are categorized as "contact" or "non-contact," and differences in injury rates between the two are examined. Injury rates in the contact sports are considerably higher...

Single round robin tournaments are a well known class of sports leagues schedules. We consider leagues with a set T of n teams where n is even. Costs are associated to each possible match. The goal is to find the minimum cost tournament among those having the minimum number of breaks. We pick up...

When scheduling a round robin tournament (RRT) a Home-Away-Pattern (HAP) set defines for each team i and each period p whether i plays at home or away in p. So far the complexity of the decision problem whether a RRT can be arranged based on a given HAP set or not is open. We give a necessary...

Generally speaking in sports competition a number of teams play against each other over a period of time according to a certain scheme. The round robin scheme is very popular in many team sports like soccer and basketball. In this paper we study several basic variants of round robin tournaments....

A single round robin tournament can be described as a league of a set T of n teams (n even) to be scheduled such that each team plays exactly once against each other team and such that each team plays exactly once per period resulting in a set P of n — 1 periods. Matches are carried out at one...

In general scheduling a sports league is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem. We study some variants of round robin tournaments and analyze the relationship with the planar three index assignment problem. The complexity of scheduling a round robin tournaments is settled by a reduction...

Eine höhere Entlohnung von sportlich aktiveren Arbeitnehmern konnte in den letzten Jahren bereits mehrfach nachgewiesen werden. Diese wurde u. a. auf eine höhere Durchsetzungsfähigkeit sowie auf bessere soziale Fähigkeiten zurückgeführt. In diesem Beitrag wird mit Daten des...

Recent allegations from participants of the FIA Formula One World Championship (F1) suggest that the promoter of F1 (possibly together with the sports association) violates European competition law in two ways. First, it allegedly abuses its market power by deducting an inappropriate high share...

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to single out the key variables in the sport sponsorship relationship, and more specifically to examine the impact of Team Achievement, Sponsor Recognition and Sponsor Altruism on two major behavioural outcomes, fans' purchase intention and word of mouth...

During the last few decades, the role of the service sector in the overall economic activities has become more significant in many countries, particularly the most developed ones. This has provoked increased scholars' interest so they have begun researching many service markets more extensively....

Der positive Einfluss sportlicher (Wettkampf-)Aktivität auf den Arbeitsmarkterfolg beispielsweise in Form höherer Entlohnung wurde bereits mehrfach nachgewiesen. In diesem Beitrag wird mit Daten des Sozioökonomischen Panels (SOEP) analysiert, ob die sportliche (Wettkampf-)Aktivität zu einer...

An increasing number of primary prevention programs aimed at promoting physical exercise in children and adolescents are being piloted. As resources are limited, it is important to ascertain the costs and benefits of such programs. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the currently...

In response to declining budgets, many school districts in the US have reduced funding for sports. In Europe, parents may respond to difficult economic times by spending less on sports clubs for their children. Such cuts are unwise if participating in sports is an investment good as well as a...

A productive workforce is a key objective of public economic policy. Recent empirical work suggests that increasing individual participation in sports and exercise can be a major force for achieving this goal. The productivity gains and related increase in earnings come on top of the already...

This paper provides nested sets and vector representations of knockout tournaments. The paper introduces classification of probability domain assumptions and a new set of axioms. Two new seeding methods are proposed: equal gap seeding and increasing competitive intensity seeding. Under different...