In its response to the economic and financial crises of 2008, the sovereign debt and euro crisis of 2010-2015, and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2023, the European Central Bank (ECB) implemented an unconventional monetary policy aimed at providing liquidity for more than a decade, through a...

This study used panel data analysis to investigate the relationship between economic growth and some selected macroeconomic variables such as the money supply, inflation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and government spending. The study used Fixed Effects (FE), Random Effects (RE), and...

This study aimed to evaluate the conditional effect of exchange rate volatility on stock prices and returns in the emerging markets of BRICS nations. Using daily data from 1 January 2000 to 30 December 2023, wavelet and quantile analysis were conducted. The Markov-regime model was estimated for...

This note provides a conceptual framework to organize discussions of the appropriateness of the monetary policy stance and presents tools that country teams can employ to measure, report, and evaluate the stance of monetary policy. The note focuses exclusively on aggregate demand...

The Quantity Theory of Money claims to provide one of the few long-run guides to economic policy by providing specific numbers to characterise the correlation between money growth and inflation. Acceptance of the Quantity Theory has been greatly helped by the claim, propounded most effectively...

The challenge of tax collection in rising economies cannot be overstated. These economies have had certain economic setbacks as a result of a lack of a domestic revenue base, tax evasion, and macroeconomic and monetary issues hindering tax revenue growth. This study critically examines the key...

Monetary aggregates provide valuable information about the monetary policy transmission and the business cycle. This paper applies machine learning methods, namely Learning Vector Quantisation (LVQ) and its distinction-sensitive extension (DSLVQ), to identify turning points in euro area M1 and...

This paper investigates a puzzle in the behavior of the money supply in Ecuador after it formally adopted the US dollar as its currency in January 2000. Modern open economy macroeconom-ics (MOEM) predicts that in a small open economy under an official dollarization regime, the money supply is...

A strong monetary policy is critical to the overall health of an economy. Again, funding availability for firms is crucial and acts as a spur for well-designed monetary policy. The implications are far-reaching and have an impact on government revenue collection, which helps to enhance social...

This study re-assesses the validity of the quantity theory of money (QTM) for the very long sample, 1870 to 2020, for 18 industrial countries using the dataset from Jordà et al. (2017). It considers structural changes in the economic and financial sectors and changes in monetary policy...

Purpose This paper aims to determine causal relationships between the level of productive credit, real deposits and money demand - all of them in real terms - and Gross National Product between 2006 and 2020. Design/methodology/approach The vector autoregressive technique (VAR) was used, where...

Several explanations have been put forward for the observation that massive inflation has not appeared as a result of the explosive monetary growth generated by quantitative easing that was in 2008. Several plausible explanations have been put forward for this observation, but none of them can...

This study investigates the factors influencing food inflation in Turkey, employing both endogenous and exogenous models and integrating major literature findings. Utilizing monthly data from February 2007 to November 2023, standardized for analysis, it explores the relationship between food...

Monetary targeting served as a useful tool for conducting monetary policy until 1980s, but the instability in the relationship between money and nominal income led to its abandonment by most economies. One way of measuring this relationship is money velocity, defined as the ratio of nominal...

In this article I have analysed the long-term relationship between US M2 money supply and the price of gold per troy ounce using Engle-Granger cointegration. The analysis shows the existence of long-term price dependency of gold in relation to US M2 money supply. M2 was used in two variants,...

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we wish to better explain the relationship between Sargent and Wallace's (1981) unpleasant monetarist arithmetic, the closely connected fiscal theory of the price level (FTPL), and the monetarist view of inflation. Second, we discuss how the recent...

With the development of network technology, electronic money as a payment and settlement tool based on the network has been developing at an unprecedented speed. Based on the background of e-commerce, this study uses the data from June 2012 to June 2022 to establish a vector autoregressive model...

This paper examines the validity of the endogenous money supply hypothesis in Türkiye from 2008 to 2020. The endogenous money hypothesis underlines the fact that a demand for bank credit leads to the creation of credit and deposit. Deposits are created once credit application is approved by...