• Europe must urgently strengthen its defence capabilities and secure strategic autonomy to avoid vulnerability to external pressures. • The proposal outlines a European Future of Defence Architecture focusing on next generation military technologies and strategic enablers (like AI, cyber,...

The financial sector holds major responsibility in climate mitigation, as the proliferation of environmental damage within the real economy largely stems from the negative externalities of the financial economy. Islamic banking, as a subset of the global financial market, is often adjudged as a...

This paper analyses the transformative 2025 political agreement redefining Gibraltar's relationship with the European Union (EU) in the post-Brexit era. Historically a British Overseas Territory with strategic significance, Gibraltar has long occupied a unique legal and geopolitical position....

Given the growing complexity of platform governance, the role of experts in digital policy-making processes is becoming more critical. However, there remains a gap in the literature regarding the specific role of experts in shaping platform governance processes. To explore this research gap,...

This article examines global content governance on social media platforms through the lens of digital constitutionalism, which explores how fundamental rights can be embedded within the socio-technical architecture of digital technologies. It highlights the often-overlooked role of civil society...

Digital platforms increasingly mediate fraud, illicit trade, misinformation, and incitement, often under stringent statutory timelines that demand rapid and auditable responses. Conventional moderation pipelines remain tuned to classifier accuracy, leaving them misaligned with legal categories,...

The integration of artificial intelligence and human decision-making within blockchain systems has raised complex ethical considerations, necessitating the development of comprehensive theoretical frameworks. This research develops a multi-paradigm ethical framework addressing the ethical...

The paper studies types and mechanisms of vertical and horizontal multilevel institutional governance (IG) (multilevel governance [MLG]). The relation with exports is reviewed and quantified to attempt prioritizing institutional reforms fostering merchandise exports in Egypt.The paper studies...

To understand the capitalist state, often labeled as the "modern state," it is imperative to analyze the relations of dialectical unification between the class nature of the state and its public character with the perspective of historical materialism. From the narrative logic of Capital ,...

The emphasis on collaborative governance and effective leadership to bring any social change is gaining prominence among researchers. This study investigates how leadership and collaborative governance can drive social change in waste management in Campania, using a qualitative, multi-site case...

Urban dynamics of the 21st century is distinguished by the prevalence and significance of cities and their constituent elements. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the territorial brand as one of the strategic elements of public governance. The methodology employs a...

When governments have more revenue, they can invest in infrastructure, such as the provision of electricity or clean fuels, which is more effective in well-governed countries. Here, we use an equilibrium correction model to empirically investigate the relationship between government revenue per...

The Water Resilience Experiment aims to contribute to the European Commission's Water Resilience Strategy through the lens of design for policy and behavioural insights. The project focused on increasing cross-DG collaboration around the water topic and reducing the policy-implementation gap by...

The fall of the Netherlands' cabinet in July 2023 partially stalled the progress of reforms. Prior to that, decision-making on major policy issues and reforms was hindered by coalition disagreements, chiefly on migration reform. Unlike previous cabinet falls, however, fewer issues were...

Institutional decentralisation is crucial for the health of democratic societies, as it cultivates effective local leadership and enables the resolution of local issues by empowering decision-makers at the level closest to the citizen. This study provides an overview of the institutional...

Overall, in 2022 government effectiveness in Austria was above the EU-27 average, ranking in the top third, and remained stable compared with 2019 (before the impact of COVID-19). The stability of government effectiveness reflects the overall stability of institutions in Austria and the pace at...

Overall, government effectiveness in 2023 remained similar to the previous year and close to the average among the European Union Member States (EU-27). It also grew slightly compared with 2019 (before the impact of COVID-19). Approved by the government in 2017, the 'Czech Republic 2030'...

Overall, government effectiveness in Lithuania remained rather stable, above average among the European Union Member States (EU‑27) compared with 2019 (before the impact of COVID‑19). The value of the government effectiveness index fluctuated from 0.97 to 1.06 in the period 2017-2022, with...

The government that took office in April 2023 has stated its main objectives as ensuring Estonia's security, sustainability of public finances, implementing the green transition, decreasing regional disparities, ensuring high quality education, alleviating income inequality and improving the...

In Italy, government effectiveness remains below the average of the European Union Member States (EU‑27), but the declining trend since 2019 seemed to reverse in 2022, when it registered an increase (from 0.33 in 2021 to 0.45 in 2022). This result can be partly attributed to the transition to...

Government effectiveness in Croatia has recorded an increase in score from 0.46 in 2019 to 0.58 in 2022, highlighting a clear positive trend. Nevertheless, government effectiveness remains below the average for the European Union Member States (EU-27) in 2019 (before the impact of COVID-19),...

Overall, government effectiveness decreased (from 1.42 in 2019 to 1.17 in 2022) but remained above average among the European Union Member States (EU-27) compared to 2019 (before the impact of COVID-19). France still ranks in the middle, at 11th out of the EU-27 in 2022 (10th in 2021). These...

Overall, Germany's government effectiveness has decreased since the COVID‑19 crisis in 2020. While Germany achieved values of 1.5 and higher between 2013 and 2019, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic the values decreased to 1.29 in both 2021 and 2022. Within the group of EU member states,...

This study is an extended version of the case study included in the study on Multi-level governance structures in the EU enlargement countries. It presents a complete overview of the institutional decentralisation levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with tasks attributed at all levels of...