As climate changes and natural disasters intensify, the threat of human displacement increases. This paper studies carbon taxation in the presence of international climate displacement. After providing evidence on the migration response to disasters, forced climate migration is introduced into a...

This paper examines the effect of temperature on emergency department (ED) visits using administrative data covering 50% of the Hungarian population and 3.52 million ED visits from 2009 to 2017. The results show that ED visit rates increase when average temperatures exceed 10°C, primarily...

Geopolitics is an overarching characteristic of much of this outlook for the key themes in the global energy economy in 2025. The start of Donald Trump’s second term in the White House will herald new pressures to multiple layers of the global economy, from trade to labour, monetary policy to...

We examine the relationship between capital structure and carbon intensity in manufacturing firms using a novel dataset that combines information from the EU Emission Trading System with firm-level financial accounts. Our findings indicate that higher financial leverage is associated with lower...

This study examines the impact of temperature uncertainty on firm fixed capital growth using a unique dataset that merges extensive firm-level financial data with detailed grid-level weather data. The analysis reveals a strong negative relationship between temperature uncertainty and fixed...

The composition of flora and fauna in low-lying coastal regions worldwide is being altered by sea-level rise in a changing climate, favoring saline-tolerant species. These shifts are projected to have significant implications for nature-based livelihoods, resource availability, market prices,...

This paper studies the welfare impacts of agricultural shocks on households with detailed heterogeneity, by taking consumption, land, and labor allocation choices into account. The underlying model is quantified with household survey data from 51 developing countries, then used to analyze the...

Cabo Verde's climate exposure, partly also because of its geography, is compounded by economic vulnerabilities. The country has experienced robust economic growth since the early 1990s and achieved a substantial reduction in poverty, but growth has been volatile and has slowed in recent years....

Climate risk management in Malawi's financial sector is a pressing issue that demands immediate attention. Globally, the urgency of addressing climate change is escalating, and many African countries are taking proactive steps to mitigate its financial implications. Kenya, Tanzania, and Morocco,...

The objective of this Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment (CHVA) is to support decision-makers in planning effective adaptation measures to deal with climate-related health risks. Where available, these measures are also provided at a subnational level to assist regional health planners....

We investigate whether climate activism favors pro-environmental consumption by examining the impact of Fridays for Future (FFF) protests in Italy on second-hand automobile sales in rally-affected areas. Leveraging data on 10 million automobile transactions occurring before and after FFF...

Promoting household-level adaptation measures is an important part of climate change adaptation policies to reduce vulnerability to droughts for (agro-)pastoral communities in sub-Saharan Africa. To develop effective supportive policies, it is important to get a better understanding of the needs...

This paper explores the global economic and climate spillovers of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), leveraging exogenous variations in carbon prices identified through a carbon policy surprise series. Findings reveal that higher EU carbon prices lead to significant and...

Climate-linked bonds, issued by governments and supranational organizations, are pivotal in advancing towards a net-zero economy. These bonds adjust their payoffs based on climate variables such as average temperature and greenhouse gas emissions, providing investors a hedge against long-term...

This working group report from the Green Deal Projects Support Office provides a compelling overview of innovative projects aimed at tackling climate change and biodiversity loss across Europe. Highlighting key achievements and collaborative efforts, this update delves into wildfire management,...

Within the frame of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) work on transformative innovation for climate resilience, in collaboration with DG CLIMA as orchestrator of the European Mission on Adaptation to Climate Change, DG R&I and contracted experts, JRC's Unit B7 organised...

This edition of the Global Energy and Climate Outlook (GECO 2024), in its 10th year of publication, presents an updated view of the implications of energy and climate policies worldwide, finding that the world is still not on track to achieve its climate targets, as both implementation gaps...