Unit-linked contracts are wrapped with some death, maturity and accumulation guarantees such as the guaranteed minimum maturity benefit, the guaranteed minimum death benefit, the guaranteed minimum accumulation benefit, the guaranteed minimum income benefit, and/or the guaranteed minimum...

We analyze the risk premium on bank bonds at origination with a special focus on the role of implicit and explicit public guarantees and the systemic relevance of the issuing institutions. By looking at the asset swap spread on 5,500 bonds, we find that explicit guarantees and sovereign...

In the article it has been stated the general concept of the economic security of enterprise and its understanding with account of the threats and possibilities provided by external environment, and also guarantees the firmness and maximum effective functioning of the development in the future....

Recent evidence shows that that over 60% of private investment contracts have been canceled due to the lack of private co-financing. Basically, a large part of the EU funds for agricultural development cannot be accessed due to the current poor access to finance of (small and medium-size)...

The article discusses the problem of risk appraisal illustrated with an example of the contract bonds at all steps of the investment process: bid bonds, performance bonds, advance payment bonds and maintenance bonds. Particular attention was paid to the nature of the insurance guarantees, which...

The paper presents a social innovation as an innovative business model with new social relations and indicates a few short cases to indicate how a social problem was addressed by a social innovation by entrepreneurial actions by microfinance service providers. The cases are from microcredit,...

This paper examines the impact of implicit guarantees and capital regulations on the behavior of a bank and on the expected losses for its depositors. I show that implicit guarantees increase the incentives of the bank to enhance leverage and/or risk taking and that this leads to higher expected...

Recent evidence shows that that over 60% of private investment contracts have been canceled due to the lack of private co-financing. Basically, a large part of the EU funds for agricultural development cannot be accessed due to the current poor access to finance of (small and medium-size)...

This paper extends the baseline Merton (1974) structural default model, which is intended for static debt spreads, to a setting with dynamic debt, where leverage can be ratcheted up as well as written down through pre-specified exogenous policies. We provide a different and novel solution...

This study was carried out to examine the relationship between cocoa production in Nigeria and agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund using time series data on cocoa production in Nigeria, value of loans guaranteed and number of loans guaranteed spanning over the period of 1981 to 2011. The...

This study was carried out to examine the relationship between cocoa production in Nigeria and agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund using time series data on cocoa production in Nigeria, value of loans guaranteed and number of loans guaranteed spanning over the period of 1981 to 2011. The...

Quality is a component of organisational culture that is expressed by positioning, competition, cooperation and satisfaction. The industry of tourism and hospitality can become a driving force for the Romanian economy through the level of services quality. Together with the practical experience...

This paper highlights the monopoly firms´ commitments for goods requiring high maintenance expenditure, such as elevators, televisions and computers. A guarantee time limit model to maintain these special goods is presented in this paper. Based on this model, several types of commitments with...

After the fall of Lehman Brothers and the start of the financial crisis is a break in economic activity, evidences a lack of financial attributed to information asymmetry experienced by the financial system. This paper will see how it has been analyzed by different economists this phenomenon...

As microfinance approaches the status of mainstream asset class, it inevitably starts to entice Socially Responsible Investment 1 . However, precoscious capital inflow can be detrimental to all players involved. The industry is unprepared for global SRI arena. The gap between different...

Due to opaque information and weak enforcement in emerging loan markets, the need for collateral is high, whereas borrowers lack adequate assets to pledge as collateral. How is this puzzle solved? We find for a representative sample from Northeast Thailand that indeed most loans do not include...

Die Stimmen für eine Umschuldung der griechischen Staatsschulden mehren sich. Die bisherigen Maßnahmen haben in den Augen vieler keinen Erfolg gebracht, zudem wird es als ungerecht angesehen,dass private Gläubiger nicht an den Schuldenlasten beteiligt werden. Um bewerten zu können,...

The World Financial Crisis has shaken the fundamentals of international banking and triggered a downward spiral of asset prices. To prevent a further meltdown of markets, governments have intervened massively through rescues measures aimed at recapitalizing banks and through liquidity support....

Credit contracting between a lender with monopoly market power and a small start-up entrepreneur may lead to the rejection of projects whose expected benefits are higher than their total costs. This inefficiency may be eliminated by government support in the form of credit guarantees or interest...

The National Budget has a key role as an instrument of funds allocation for different social priorities and resources redistribution with localized impact in the provinces. The main objective of Social Public Expenditure (GPS) is to promote the access of most vulnerable social groups to quality...

The extensive public support measures for the financial sector have been key for the management of the current financial crisis. This paper gives a detailed description of the measures taken by central banks and governments and attempts a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of such...

Für lange Zeit galt es als gesicherte Erkenntnis, dass Finanzmärkte sich am besten entwickeln, wenn ihre Akteure möglichst unabhängig von staatlichen Eingriffen handeln können. Die gegenwärtige Krise hat dieses Credo in Frage gestellt. Soll der Staat aber eine aktivere Rolle auf den...

In the Copenhagen Accord of December 2009, developed countries agreed to provide start-up finance for adaptation in developing countries and expressed the ambition to scale this up to $100 billion per year by 2020. The financial mechanisms to deliver this support have to be tailored to country...

The financial crisis of 2007-2008 led to extraordinary government intervention in firms and markets. The scope and depth of government action rivaled that of the Great Depression. Many traded markets experienced dramatic declines in liquidity leading to the existence of conditions normally...