Purpose - The study investigates how the 2017 Gulf crisis reshaped Qatari-Turkish relations, transforming them from cordial cooperation into a robust strategic alliance. It examines the political, military, and economic implications of Turkey'ssupport for Qatar during the blockade, and how this...

Amidst global decarbonization dynamics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Digital economy, and energy prices are shaping the energy transition in a way that has never been more critical. Using MMQR and IVQR, this research investigates the effects of AI, research and development (R&D), and energy...

Financial markets and foreign investments could play an effective role in determining the environment and income of GCC resource-rich economies. Therefore, the effects of Financial Market Development (FMD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Carbon Intensity (CI) from oil, gas, gas flaring,...

This policy brief examines the economic importance of Iran and neighboring countries relying on the Strait of Hormuz for trade flows of the EU and Germany. It then assesses the potential impact of a blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which would significantly disrupt trade in the region.

This study investigates family control and ESG disclosure in the GCC. We challenge Western agency assumptions by examining how internal governance and firm maturity condition this link, testing the Socioemotional Wealth (SEW) model in a patriarchal context.We utilize a balanced panel of listed...

In this digital era, many companies are integrating new solutions involving Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based automation systems to optimize processes, reach higher efficiency, and help them with decision-making. While implementing these changes, various challenges may arise, including...

The new self-confidence in the Arab Gulf States -- Visions, opportunities, and obstacles -- How to successfully do business in the Gulf States -- Scenario 1: Market entry -- Scenario 2: Finding local distribution partners -- Scenario 3: Establishing a subsidiary.

Once viewed by Ankara primarily as a fragmented security frontier, Iraq now sits at the centre of its regional strategy. This recalibration is shaped by shifting regional dynamics in the aftermath of 7 October: the weakening of Iran’s influence across multiple fronts, the Gulf states’ rising...

This empirical qualitative research explores the texts of 14 free trade agreements (FTAs) concluded by Arab Gulf countries individually or as block. The objective is to evaluate if these documents are gender-responsive using an internationally recognised framework that qualitatively measures if...

This article examines how the volatile oil price affected Saudi Arabia's and the other GCC countries' fiscal policy dynamics from 2000 and 2024. The region's fiscal systems are vulnerable to external shocks due to their substantial reliance on petroleum profits, even with ongoing efforts to...

Transport is among the fastest-growing contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, where rapid urbanization, population growth, and high mobility demand continue to shape energy use. This study aims to quantify the extent to which economic growth...

This study analyzes how sectoral stock volatility in the GCC region responds to global financial uncertainty shocks originating from the U.S. (CBOE VIX), Europe (VSTOXX-50), Bitcoin investors' Sentiment Indices (BSI), and disaggregated global Financial Stress Indicators (FSI) by using both the...

This study investigates how global monetary and oil shocks propagate across advanced and pegged oil economies, focusing on the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates over the period 2015-2023. It examines which transmission channels-liquidity,...

In a period marked by global uncertainty, supply chain disruptions, and ongoing geopolitical tensions, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates are accelerating national reform programs to transition toward more...

This study explores the ownership-risk relationship in the GCC emerging economies during the COVID-19 pandemic, examining 44 commercial banks classified as private and publicly owned banks. The two-stage least squares (2SLS) method is employed to identify endogeneity issues, with robustness...

The impact of political stability and economic growth on foreign direct investment (FDI) is analysed using a quantitative regression approach in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).The study used panel data covering the period 1995-2020, involving six GCC countries, and applied...

This study examines the determinants of the capital structure at family-owned businesses in the member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), focusing on internal company characteristics and their impact on leverage decisions. It analyzes panel data on 99 family-owned companies in the...

In 2014, the collapse of global oil prices and the resulting increase in fiscal deficits and debt triggered a wave of spending cuts, tax policy and subsidy reforms. The introduction of excises and VAT, broadening of CIT, and subsidy reform have changed the GCC fiscal landscape. Little is known...

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have pursued ambitious digitalization strategies as part of their broader economic transformation agenda. This paper provides a thorough review of the GCC's significant acceleration in digital transformation, particularly since the onset of the...

This paper utilizes the unique dynamics of fiscal budgeting in countries with a large hydro-carbon sector to estimate fiscal multipliers. The main identifying assumption rests on the idea that exogenously identified global hydrocarbon demand shocks can be considered plausible instruments for the...

This special focus chapter analyzes the effectiveness of fiscal policy in fostering economic growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. In doing so, the principal focus of the chapter is on fiscal multipliers, which measure the effect of changes in government spending or revenue on the...

EU-GCC relations are shifting towards a dual-track approach, balancing multilateral and bilateral engagement to adapt to a changing geopolitical landscape. With FTA talks stalled, the new EU-UAE agreement reflects the need for flexibility amid global trade uncertainty, US policy shifts and...

EU-GCC relations are shifting towards a dual-track approach, balancing multilateral and bilateral engagement to adapt to a changing geopolitical landscape. With FTA talks stalled, the new EU-UAE agreement reflects the need for flexibility amid global trade uncertainty, US policy shifts and...

Achieving a more inclusive financial system is crucial to unlocking economic opportunities, reducing inequality, and ensuring that no person will be excluded from access and usage of financial and banking services. Even if financial services are widely available in some areas, others, especially...

Over the past decade, the debate on the microeconomic effects of financial inclusion has intensified, with a growing body of research exploring how access to financial services impacts banks' behaviors. Studying the effect of financial inclusion on bank risk is crucial because it helps...

This era of polycrises, a global health pandemic coupled with wars in Europe and the Middle East, against the backdrop of Great Power rivalry and climate related emergencies, has profoundly affected all countries, rich and poor alike. Disproportionately affected have been those of the Global...