I present the first database of historical local population figures for all Germany. The German Local Population Database (GPOP) includes total population in 1871, 1910, 1939, 1946, 1961, 1987, 1996, 2011, and 2019 for the universe of all German municipalities, counties, and states at consistent...

The past several decades have witnessed a rebirth of global labor mobility. Workers have begun to move between countries at rates not seen since before World War One. During the same period, economists' study of international migration has been framed by a particular textbook model of location...

Jelen kötet Rostoványi Zsolt rector emeritus 70. születésnapjának tiszteletére született egykori tanítványai, munkatársai, és a hazai nemzetközi kapcsolatok tudományterületet művelő kollégák tollából. Rostoványi Zsolt két területen tekinthető iskolateremtő tudósnak: a...

A kutatások az elmúlt harminc évben egyértelműen megerősítették, hogy a kelet-közép-európai régió demokratikus átalakulása 1989–1990-ben alapvetően a külső, nemzetközi körülmények kedvező alakulásának, s mindenekelőtt a Szovjetunió végzetes meggyengülésének és...

A kontinensek közül már századok óta Afrika, azon belül is a szubszaharai Afrika számít az „örök vesztesnek”, az „üllő és kalapács közé beszorult”, marginalizált földrésznek, hiszen a legtöbb fejlettségi, jóléti, egészségügyi, képzettségi, s más fontos...

Ha időről időre fel is merül az új Közel-Kelet (new Middle East) víziója,1 az arab–izraeli kapcsolatokat vizsgáló tudományos kutatások középpontjában évtizedeken keresztül a felek közötti háborúk, konfliktusok, nézetkülönbségek, a különféle megállapodási...

Tanulmányomban azzal a kérdéssel kívánok foglalkozni, hogy hogyan változott meg a 18–19. században Északnyugat-Afrikában létrejött misztikus (szúfi) rendek tevékenységének jellege, hogyan jutottak olyan társadalmi és politikai szerephez, amely döntően megváltoztatta...

Jelen tanulmány elméleti szempontból, valamint egy esettanulmány segítségével igyekszik rávilágítani a közel-keleti kurdok sajátos „átmeneti”, határokon átnyúló, transznacionális helyzetére. Ennek érdekében a továbbiakban először a kurdok politikai, társadalmi,...

Az Európai Unió elhagyásáról szóló népszavazás után egy hónappal az új brit miniszterelnök asszony, Theresa May meghirdette a Global Britain programot,1 ami az Egyesült Királyság külkapcsolati rendszerének alapvető átalakítását irányozta elő. Az Egyesült Királyság 46...

Belgium és Bosznia-Hercegovina legfeljebb akkor szokott együtt szerepelni a híradásokban, amikor arról van szó, hogy melyik államban tartott tovább a kormánynélküliség időszaka. Ebben a tekintetben Bosznia nem tudta letaszítani a trónról Belgiumot; igaz, a belga politikai...

Az Oszmán Birodalom több mint hat évszázadot élt meg, ezalatt voltak virágzó, stagnáló, végül lassan, de mégis feltartóztathatatlan hanyatlást hozó periódusok, majd a fennállását lezáró agónia után a modern állam és nemzet újjászületése történt meg a Török...

Populism, one of the six fundamental pillars of Kemalist ideology, officially entered the Turkish constitution in 1937. However, its origins date back to the II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi (Second Constitutional Era) of the Ottoman Empire. Yusuf Akçura, Ahmet Ağaoğlu, and Hüseyinzade Ali, the...

Anjou Lajos király megítélése, történelmi emlékezete meglehetősen ambivalens. A magyar történetírás hagyományosan ezredéves históriánk egyik legkiemelkedőbb alakjaként tekint a testvérei korai halála miatt harmadszülöttként trónra kerülő uralkodóra, egyedüliként...

The past several decades have witnessed a rebirth of global labor mobility. Workers have begun to move between countries at rates not seen since before World War One. During the same period, economists' study of international migration has been framed by a particular textbook model of location...

Besides their ideas and social networks, émigré intellectuals bring with themselves practices for engagement with intellectual work. This article focuses on one such practice: the intellectual Kreis [circle]. It focuses on the Geistkreis, an interwar Viennese interdisciplinary intellectual...

How do radical reforms of the state shape economic development over time? In 1790, France’s first Constituent Assembly overhauled the kingdom’s organization to set up new administrative entities and local capitals. In a subset of departments, new capitals were chosen quasi-randomly as the...

Seit dem Stinnes-Legien-Abkommen (1918) wurden die Tarifautonomie von Arbeitgeberverbänden und Gewerkschaften in Deutschland und ihre Legitimität immer wieder politisch diskutiert oder sogar infrage gestellt. Die Zweckmäßigkeit der Tarifautonomie ist also einer fortwährenden...

This paper studies a new mechanism that allows political elites from a non-democratic regime to survive a democratic transition: connections. We document this mechanism in the transition from the Vichy regime to democracy in post-World War II France. The parliamentarians who had supported the...

We argue that China, with its long history, a relatively stable political system, and multiple regime changes, provides us an opportunity to investigate the political economy of administrative hierarchy. Using prefecture-level panel data and exploiting regime changes during AD1000-2000, we find...

This paper replicates a classic study of the American business elite. The older study done a half-century ago, reported the composition of business leaders a century ago. I have" drawn a sample of business leaders today to discover how much the composition of the" American business elite has...

Between 1928 and 1960 U.S. cotton production witnessed a revolution with average yields roughly tripling while the quality of the crop increased significantly. This paper analyzes the key institutional and scientific developments that facilitated the revolution in biological technologies,...

How do radical reforms of the state shape economic development over time? In 1790, France’s firstConstituent Assembly overhauled the kingdom’s organization to set up new administrative entitiesand local capitals. In a subset of departments, new capitals were chosen quasi-randomly as the...

The Global History of Currencies provides information on each currency-issuing country or territory. For each country, a brief history of the country is provided along with details on both coins and banknotes that have been issued in the country. The paper documents currency changes that have...

Using variation in crop prices induced by large swings in demand World War I, we examine the fertility response to increases in crop revenues during the period 1910-1930. Our estimates from samples utilizing both complete count decennial census microdata and newly collected county-level data...

In this chapter, I consider the benefits of viewing history through an evolutionary lens. In recent decades, a field of research has emerged, which builds on foundations from biological evolution to study culture within an evolutionary framework. I begin the chapter by discussing the theory...

In war powers analysis, reliance on the interpretive method of historical practice, also called the “gloss of history,” has made history a technology of the forever war. This approach draws upon the history of U.S. military conflict to interpret the separation of powers, and embeds past...

The article presents an analysis of the amount of defence and security spending that different regions and countries around the world spend from their gross domestic product with accompanying comments on the reasons for their respective level

We use a dataset of the entire population of English Parliamentary enclosure acts between 1750 and 1830 to provide the first causal evidence of their impact. Exploiting a feature of the Parliamentary process that produced such legislation as a source of exogenous variation, we show that...

Lignin hydropyrolysis characteristics were investigated in a high-pressure micro-reactor with on-line analysis. The effects of atmosphere, pressure, and temperature on product formation during lignin pyrolysis were quantitatively studied. The formation mechanisms of typical products were...

I present the first database of historical local population figures for all Germany. The German Local Population Database (GPOP) includes total population in 1871, 1910, 1939, 1946, 1961, 1987, 1996, 2011, and 2019 for the universe of all German municipalities, counties, and states at consistent...

Una mirada más detallada de la historia colombiana, del surgimiento de sus ciudades y del desarrollo de las zonas rurales, permite establecer que, a pesar de la noción generalizada de los colombianos, el país no ha tenido una historia lineal de urbanización constante. En cambio, ha tenido...

This research examines the relationship between droughts, city-level conflict, and local governance in Europe from 900 to 1800 C.E. I use data on local drought intensity recorded at an annual frequency, combined with information on city-level conflict, to show that droughts are robustly...

Why did the Beatles become a worldwide sensation? Why do some cultural products succeed and others fail? Why are some musicians, poets, and novels,, unsuccessful or unknown in their lifetimes, iconic figures decades or generation after their deaths? Why are success and failure so unpredictable?...

This paper examines the long-term impacts of infrastructural investment. It considers the case of British investment in railway infrastructure in colonial India. Railways had an immediate impact on trade and development in the predominantly agricultural India. In this paper, we show that the...

American local governments own and manage a wide portfolio of enterprises, including gas and electricity companies, water systems, subways, bus systems and schools. Existing theories of public ownership, including the presence of natural monopolies, can explain much of the observed municipal...

The world has seen two globalization booms over the past two centuries, and one bust. The first global century ended with World War I and the second started at the end of World War II, while the years in between were ones of anti-global backlash. This lecture reports what we know about the...