Firm training is key to meeting changing skill demands, yet little is known about the role of workers' beliefs in shaping training participation. In a survey of 3,701 workers in Germany, we document that they expect substantial returns to firm training - both in terms of earnings and...

We provide new evidence on intergenerational social mobility among immigrants and natives in France. Using linked parent–child data from censuses, we introduce an individual-level metric - the Intergenerational Rank Difference (IRD) - that measures upward and downward mobility relative to the...

This paper studies how labor demand factors - specifically worker substitutability and job‑specific skills - shape employment responses to a rise in the early retirement age. Using a regression discontinuity design, I exploit a 1999 German reform that eliminated the option for women to retire...

The goal of economic development is to raise standards of living in LDCs, to be achieved by accumulating both human and non-human capital so as to maximize production net of the cost of these investments. An LDC economy is modelled with two sectors, modern and traditional, each of which uses its...

The widespread use of mobile devices among adolescents has led many schools and governments to consider or implement restrictions on their usage. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of school cellphone policies on student outcomes, focusing primarily on student well-being...

This paper constructs a new global historical database on public expenditure and revenue and their components—particularly education and health expenditure—covering all world regions over the 1800-2025 period. We document a large rise of human capital expenditure (as % of GDP) in all parts...

This paper examines the evolution and determinants of skill-specific internal mobility among Italian citizens by urban-rural origin. Using administrative data from the Registry of Transfer of Residence (ADELE), which records the universe of skill-specific bilateral moves across more than 700...

International tourism has helped numerous economies and regions over the years in achieving the objective of long-term sustainable economic growth. The "Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)" is the rising hub for international tourism due to its rich history, rich vibrant culture,...

This article introduces a novel approach to decomposing the Blinder-Oaxaca gender wage gap using pseudo-panel data. In many developing countries, panel data are not available; however, understanding the evolution of the gender wage gap over time requires tracking individuals longitudinally. When...

This paper examines the role of human capital in driving labour productivity growth across industries in the EU and the UK from 2010 to 2021. Building on Egert ' et al. (2022), we introduce a novel quality-adjusted human capital (QAHC) measure that combines both the quantity and quality of...

I quantify the implications of projected natural population ageing for the value of the New Zealand aggregate human capital stock, using the Jorgenson/Fraumeni framework and Mincer equations. Using the framework, I compare quantitatively the impact of natural population ageing with that of other...

In this paper, we conduct the first systematic empirical analysis of income inequality in the People's Republic of China (PRC) at the provincial level. Using data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) and a semiparametric distribution model, we estimate Gini indices for a set of...

This paper examines the evolution and determinants of skill-specific internal mobility among Italian citizens by urban-rural origin. Using administrative data from the Registry of Transfer of Residence (ADELE), which records the universe of skill-specific bilateral moves across more than 700...

We study the impacts of wildfires in Chile mapping local exposure to over 1,000 large wildfires occurring over 20 wildfire seasons. We consider both how very local exposure patterns owing to changes in ambient conditions - such as wind, atmospheric and topographic conditions - affect exposure to...

Cellphone bans in schools have become a popular policy in recent years in the United States, yet very little is known about their effects on student outcomes. In this study, we try to fill this gap by examining the causal effects of bans on student test scores, suspensions, and absences using...

Existing research has shown that individuals' early-life experiences exert a sustained impact on their social life in adulthood. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding how childhood migration experiences influence entrepreneurial behaviors. Using data from the 2017 China...

Demand for skilled labor and social status accorded by educational achievements induce a race to acquire education, dubbed "education fever". In conjunction with credit market constraints and in the context of quantityquality tradeoff, this, in turn, may reduce fertility, especially in...

A prominent explanation for the motherhood wage penalty is human capital loss during career interruptions around childbirth. This study provides first direct evidence on this mechanism by examining whether longer parenting leave reduces mothers' work-relevant skills. Using a newly constructed...

This paper revisits the statistical discrimination model of Phelps (1972) to explain why a gender wage gap emerges immediately at labour-market entry, despite women's superior academic performance. We focus on graduates and extend the framework by adding a productivity-relevant attribute...

This paper presents new causal evidence on the "power" of oral contraceptives in shaping women's lives, leveraging the 1970 liberalization of the Pill for minors in the Netherlands and demand- and supply-side religious preferences that affected Pill take-up. We analyze administrative data to...

The criminal justice system primarily arrests and incarcerates people without high school diplomas. We estimate the causal effect of a high school diploma on criminal justice system contact for a set of people who previously exited high school but then attended The Excel Center (TEC), a network...

We revisit the role of human capital in cross-country income differences. We develop a general equilibrium model where workers of different skill groups sort into occupations by comparative advantage. Wages and employment depend on workers' skill quality, occupation-specific country-embedded...

The goal of economic development is to raise standards of living in LDCs, to be achieved by accumulating both human and non-human capital so as to maximize production net of the cost of these investments. An LDC economy is modelled with two sectors, modern and traditional, each of which uses its...

Firm training is key to meeting changing skill demands, yet little is known about the role of workers' beliefs in shaping training participation. In a survey of 3,701 workers in Germany, we document that they expect substantial returns to firm training - both in terms of earnings and...

I investigate how taxing immigrants and redistributing the collected funds as educational subsidies influence human capital accumulation and growth in the source economy. The analysis is performed in a two-country growth model with endogenous fertility, in which public knowledge spillovers from...

This study presents the first evidence, to our knowledge, of the effects of the surge in interior immigration apprehensions in 2025 in the United States on student academic performance using detailed student-level administrative records from Florida. We find evidence that immigration enforcement...

Mental health disorders tend to emerge in childhood, with half starting by age 14. This makes early intervention important, but treatment rates are low, and antidepressant treatment for children remains controversial since an FDA warning in 2004 that highlighted adverse effects. Linking...