Global growth is projected at 3.3 percent for 2026 and 3.2 percent for 2027, revised slightly up since the October 2025 World Economic Outlook. Technology investment, fiscal and monetary support, accommodative financial conditions, and private sector adaptability offset trade policy shifts....

In times of multiple crises such as climate change or global pandemics, science, technology, and innovation (STI) are expected to contribute to solving these grand challenges of humankind. Regarding the related policies, we observably entered an era of strategy that started in the mid-2000s....

This year’s Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Tianjin marked the largest gathering in the organisation’s history, drawing more than 20 heads of state and 10 representatives of international organisations. At the SCO+ session, China’s Head of State and Party Leader Xi...

Industrial policy has returned to the centre of global economic debate. Once dismissed as inefficient, government intervention is now seen as vital for addressing climate change, technological competition and supply chain vulnerabilities. Yet the rise in uncoordinated national strategies risks...

The importance of policy coordination between fiscal and monetary policy authorities has become more apparent, in the face of unexpected economic shocks and persistent macroeconomic challenges. In this paper, we employ the Set-Theoretic Approach (STA) to explicitly measure the presence of...

Starting from the Plaza Agreement, which in 1985 proposed to regulate the functioning of the dollar standard, the international monetary system has experienced a series of evolutions following the collapse of the USSR, the development of globalization, culminating in the birth of the WTO and the...

This paper studies the effect of alternative monetary policy responses and the implementation of different fiscal policy measures to an inflationary shock in a monetary union, through the lens of a global DSGE model calibrated to the euro area. We find that a more aggressive monetary policy...

How do shifts in the global balance of power shape the world economy? We propose a theory of alignment-based “hegemonic globalization”, built on two central premises: countries differ in their preferences over policies (such as the rule of law or regulatory frameworks) and trade between any...

How do shifts in the global balance of power shape the world economy? We propose a theory of alignment-based “hegemonic globalization,” built on two central premises: countries differ in their preferences over policies (such as the rule of law or regulatory frameworks) and trade between any...

Starting from the Tinbergen principle and four areas of economic policy, we argue that in practice economic policies each have multiple effects, rendering a clear and simple allocation of objectives and instruments to different policies and their responsible institutions complex. First, the case...

Two phenomena are increasingly reshaping the world economy. One is the growing and well-documented importance of climate transition policies that differ across countries. The other is the stark rise of geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF) concerns. While differences in climate transition policies are...

We review the literature on geoeconomics, defined as the field of study that links economics and geopolitics (power rivalry). We describe what geoeconomics is and which questions it addresses, focusing on five main subfields. First, the use of geoeconomic policy tools such as sanctions and...

Foreword -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- Session 1: Energy, Climate, Growth -- Chair: Jayant Sinha -- Speakers: Jessica Seddon, Robert Stavins, Arunabha Ghosh -- Session 2: Technology, Policy, Jobs -- Chair: Sachin Chaturvedi -- Speakers: Paul Samson, Albert van Jaarsveld, Debjani Ghosh --...

Economic systems face critical challenges, including widening income inequality, unemployment driven by automation, mounting public debt, and environmental degradation. This study introduces Economocracy as a transformative framework aimed at addressing these systemic issues by integrating...

Plastic waste, especially waste from single-use plastic (SUP) products, is a fast-growing crisis. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a major hotspot and is already experiencing significant consequences. In recent years, as globalization accelerates, plastic products have...

This Policy Brief proposes the establishment of an agreement on conformity assessment between the EU and the US that covers machinery and electrical equipment. The initiative aims to increase the number of European and US conformity assessment bodies authorized to test and certify EU and US...

Research background: Understanding the rationale for macroeconomic policy coordination with the aim of achieving greater policy credibility and effectiveness in West Africa still remains the subject of debate. Purpose: This study evaluates the effect of macroeconomic policy coordination on...

The European Union (EU) has started to show increasing interest in the so-called Indo-Pacific area. As is demonstrated by two new EU strategic documents, EU Strategy for Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific (2021) and Strategic Compass for Security and Defence (2022), it is aiming to strengthen its...

This paper evaluates gains from international monetary policy cooperation between the financial center and periphery countries in a two-country open economy model consistent with global financial cycles. Compared to the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium, the optimal cooperative equilibrium...

While uncertainty shocks affect equity markets at various investment horizons, knowledge about the causal effects of uncertainty and equity markets in the frequency domain is scant among the Group of Twenty (G20) countries regarded as systemically important economies. This paper explores the...

The early 1960s can be regarded as the "Big Bang" for international cooperation and development policy. The US was pushing an international system to support developing countries, and in 1961, it established the US Agency for International Development (USAID). The same year saw the Organisation...

The German global health strategy review process offers the opportunity to place a stronger focus on the horizontal integration of Germany's global health efforts with those of European partners. This is urgently needed as the German strategy makes little reference to the European Union (EU) and...

The U.S.-China conflict is threatening continued global economic prosperity and this has inspired a variety of predictions and prescriptions on the future global order. This paper proposes a light model of global governance not only to form international agreements across countries but also to...