Using data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys from 2006 to 2023, this paper studies the corporate ethical standards of technological digital oriented firms. The findings indicate that technology and digitalization positively impact the adoption of environmental and social standards. However,...

Seit der Bologna-Reform stehen die Qualitätssicherung und Professionalisierung der Hochschullehre verstärkt im wissenschaftlichen und politischen Diskurs. Der mit dem Paradigmenwechsel vom "Teaching to Learning" einhergehende Fokus auf die aktive Mitgestaltung des Lernprozesses durch...

The "Technical Guidance Note on Standardizing Digital MRV in Carbon Markets: System Evaluation Criteria and Hotspots Assessment" is one of five guidance notes prepared by the Carbon Markets Infrastructure Working Group (CMI WG). This note offers a practical foundation for standardizing and...

The EU Forest Strategy 2030 commits to develop a voluntary certification scheme for Closer-to-Nature Forest (CNF) management. To support this development, the European Commission published Guidelines on Closer-to-Nature Forest Management in July 2023, outlining key principles, objectives, and...

The steel industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for approximately 7% of worldwide emissions. As steelmakers in the EU invest heavily in decarbonisation, the success of these efforts hinges on the market's ability to differentiate and reward...

The mapping report presents an inventory of standards and solutions currently being used by European University alliances to make interoperable virtual (inter-institutional) European campuses reality. The report is a key component of the European Higher Education Interoperability Framework...

The mapping report presents an inventory of standards and solutions currently being used by European University alliances to make interoperable virtual (inter-institutional) European campuses reality. The report is a key component of the European Higher Education Interoperability Framework...

The EU Forest Strategy 2030 commits to develop a voluntary certification scheme for Closer-to-Nature Forest (CNF) management. To support this development, the European Commission published Guidelines on Closer-to-Nature Forest Management in July 2023, outlining key principles, objectives, and...

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated several challenges, prompting the Indonesian government to enact rules aimed at minimizing direct contact to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, which has also affected transactional activities. Transactions conducted using a digital wallet represent a...

In the modern business environment, business standards are a crucial tool for improving corporate governance and strengthening trust in business associations. However, in Ukraine, their dissemination and implementation are at an early stage, which necessitates a detailed analysis and adaptation...

This study investigates the influence of the factors established by the SGE21 standard in family businesses in a Latin American country, specifically Mexico. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a critical issue for companies, which increasingly adopt social responsibility models for...

We estimate the impact of international standards certification on the export performance of firms in a developing economy using a unique panel data from Pakistan's textile and apparel sector. To address endogeneity, we implement a novel instrumental variable strategy that leverages the...

This study aimed to determine how research has highlighted greenwashing in supply chains by identifying emerging themes and pinpointing gaps that must be addressed in combating greenwashing in global supply chains. Using the PRISMA framework, 58 papers published up to 2024 were critically...

This document is a study performed by the JRC to support an analysis of DG-Competition concerning online payment systems. The report provides a high-level overview of online payments in the EU, including payment cards, mobile wallets, bank transfers, and other methods, as well as an examination...

This paper explores the role of Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) in shaping technological development and regional innovation in Europe's telecommunications sector. Results reveal strong geographic concentration, particularly in Helsinki and Stockholm, which account for one-third of...

Public procurement requirements and voluntary standards are increasingly used to foster environmental product innovations. However, quantitative evidence on their individual and joint effects is absent, and their conceptualization remains at an early stage. This paper makes two contributions....

Humans have developed and employed manuals to systematically organize, standardize, and transfer knowledge for decision-making in organizations. These manuals and standards have served as a "conventional copilot" for humans’ intellectual activities, taking the form of collected references or...

This Report represents the Evaluation Study of the Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 on European standardisation. The Study analyses the implementation of the Regulation and its observed results. Moreover, it assesses the extent to which the Regulation remains fit for its purposes, considering the...

The effects of minimum wages on workers and firms depend on enforcement and compliance. While most research examines local determinants, this paper explores whether international market enforcement influences minimum wage impacts. In South Africa farmers exporting to the EU must comply with...