This paper reviews the literature examining how costs of monitoring for, acquiring, and analyzing firm disclosures – collectively, “disclosure processing costs” – affect investor information choices, trades, and market outcomes. The existence of disclosure processing costs means that...

We explore the role of investor relations (IR) in debt markets. Using earnings announcements as a laboratory, we examine whether, when, and to what extent IR departments help credit investors assimilate information. We find that the presence of IR decreases (increases) the negative (positive)...

We examine how exogenous changes in analyst coverage influence the likelihood that managers will voluntarily disclose customized (non-GAAP) performance metrics and the relative quality of their non-GAAP reporting. Specifically, we use a quasi-natural-experimental setting in which brokerage firms...

We hypothesize that the quality of market risk disclosure mandated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Financial Reporting Release No. 48 (FRR No. 48) provides useful information for assessing risk management effectiveness. Measuring risk disclosure quality as the degree of...

Recent reviews of the academic literature indicate that little is known regarding how users evaluate the materiality levels auditors use or respond to quantitative materiality disclosure. Regulators around the world have taken different stances on whether materiality should, or should not, be...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature in behavioral finance by investigating the role played by company's investor relations website/webpage in inducing the individual investor's intention to invest in the company. The study investigates the role of...

Using a panel of survey-based annual investor relations (IR) rankings of European companies, we provide evidence suggesting that the marginal benefit of IR is greater in countries with capital markets that are less outside-shareholder oriented. For firms located in these countries, we find that...

I consider an environment in which the entrepreneur generates information about the quality of the projects prior to contracting with the investor. The investor faces a moral hazard problem, since the entrepreneur may divert the funding for private consumption. When the investor bargains with...

This paper examines the practice of hiring financial analysts as investor relations officers (IRO). We posit that analysts-turned-IROs (AIROs) have a competitive advantage in communicating with investors, thereby lowering the effort expended by the investment community to process corporate...

We examine how the ordering of information within quarterly earnings announcements influences investor response to those announcements. Specifically, we examine whether earlier discussion of earnings information, and earlier discussion of qualitatively positive or negative information, is...

This paper examines whether investor learning about profitability (i.e., the mean of earnings distribution) leads to persistence in disclosure decisions. A repeated single-period model shows that persistent investor beliefs about profitability lead to persistent disclosure decisions. Using...

We investigate the disclosure and prominence of non-GAAP earnings metrics in IPO prospectuses and how these disclosures affect IPO valuation. In contrast to already-public firms, we find an inverted U-shaped relation between IPO firms' GAAP performance and the likelihood that they will disclose...

We examine the impact of foreign institutional investors on firms' voluntary disclosure practices measured by management forecasts. In a sample of 32 non-U.S. countries, we find that, on average, foreign institutional investments lead to improved voluntary disclosure and their impact is larger...

We examine the influence of investor conferences on firms' stock liquidity. We find that firms participating in conferences experience a 1.4% to 2.8% increase in stock liquidity compared to non-conference firms. Consistent with investor conferences improving firm visibility, the increase in...

Recent regulatory amendments aimed at modernizing disclosures and enhancing their usefulness focus on repetition and interactivity within firms' disclosure filings. We use two experiments to provide evidence on the effects of disclosure repetition (repeating of information in the filing) and...

In this study, we examine whether firms' engagement in Investor Relations and Stakeholder Communication (IRSC) activities reduce the cost of information asymmetry at the time of external financing. We also analyze the intermediary role of financing source (debt vs equity) and the existing level...

This study investigates the use of revised analyst forecast information that is released following management disclosures. I extend the prior literature by examining the relationship between the contents of analyst forecast revisions and the content of management disclosures. I provide evidence...

While studies have sought to explain the benefits of cross-listing, little attention has been paid to the role of communication between managers and investors during this process. In this paper, I investigate whether managers change communication policies around U.S. cross-listings. I document...

We study firms' voluntary disclosures in a world of potential information leaks. We find that managers adapt their disclosure strategy to the likelihood and expected scope of leaks. An increasing likelihood fosters voluntary disclosure if leaks merely expose the manager's information endowment...

Regulators have increased the disclosure requirements of top executives as part of corporate governance reform. This study examines how trust arising from a firm's corporate reputation will interact with top executive compensation disclosure to influence investor judgments. This study used a 2 X...

In a game theoretical setting, this paper studies the entrepreneur's decision making by using a new financing opportunity referred to as crowdinvesting. In this model, the entrepreneur can collect money and advertise his innovative idea. However, crowdinvesting carries the risk of being copied...

We investigate the relation between investor horizon and disclosure policy. We develop and analyze a rational expectations model where the original investors commit to a disclosure policy. Counter to casual intuition, short-horizon investors prefer more disclosure and are willing to bear costs...

We study how short-term changes in institutional owner attention affect managers' disclosure choices. Holding institutional ownership constant and controlling for industry-quarter effects, we find that managers respond to attention by increasing the number of forecasts and 8-K filings. Rather...

This paper examines the question: Does regulatory approval of prospectuses act as a “certification” of securities offerings? Rational investors should generally ignore prospectus approval due to its being uninformative regarding either the quality of, or motives for, the underlying offering....

The purpose of this study is to examine the association between corporate voluntary disclosure (VD) and share prices; and if this association is influenced by investors expectations. The study conducted on non-financial companies listed in the Saudi Arabia's (SA) stock market, a country where VD...

Financial analysts are required to disclose conflicts of interest (COI) in their research reports, but there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of COI disclosures. We investigate whether the influence of disclosing COI in analyst reports on investors' decision making depends on investment...

The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of Investor Relations (IR) in the performance of companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The study is motivated by the findings in the literature that investor relations may boost information disclosure, analyst following,...

Einführung -- Die Finanzierung des Start-ups -- Finanzierungs-/Gründungsphasen -- Bewertung -- Die Besteuerung des Start-ups -- Public/Investor Relations -- Einblicke erfolgreicher Gründer und Investoren.