Die Bedeutung des globalen Dienstleistungshandels hat in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. So erreichte der Dienstleistungsexport gemessen an den weltweiten Gesamtexporten im Jahr 2023 einen Anteil von über 27 Prozent, in der EU gar von rund 33 Prozent. Gegenüber 2010 ist das global gesehen...

We investigate the relationship between manufacturing sector productivity and two new measures proxying for barriers to trade in services – restrictions affecting payment for cross-border imports of services and receipts for inward investment. Our services trade policy proxies span the...

A major step towards liberalizing the EU Internal Market for services was taken in 2006 with the EU Services Directive. This study quantifies its impact on EU trade in services and real income and identifies untapped potential due to remaining administrative barriers and weak enforcement of...

Countries seek to maximize economic growth while minimizing environmental damage. Protecting the environment is a natural constraint on economic growth. This paper shows that trade in services helps industries to not only grow but to also become "greener." Trade in services, therefore, has a...

Services account for 72% of GDP and three quarters of total employment in the EU. The performance of services in themselves is therefore a major determinant of EU economic performance, but services also matter for the competitiveness of all industries as many services are inputs into production....

This guide contains selected tables and graphs outlining the current state of and recent developments in the European Union's trade with the rest of the world. Global trade experienced a significant recovery in 2024, also boosted by a surge in exports to the US towards the end of the year. This...

This guide contains selected tables and graphs outlining the current state of and recent developments in the European Union's trade with the rest of the world. Global trade experienced a significant recovery in 2024, also boosted by a surge in exports to the US towards the end of the year. This...

Services account for 72% of GDP and three quarters of total employment in the EU. The performance of services in themselves is therefore a major determinant of EU economic performance, but services also matter for the competitiveness of all industries as many services are inputs into production....

This paper investigates the impact of services sector liberalization on product innovation of downstream manufacturing firms. Leveraging firm-product panel data from India and employing a shift-share research design, I find that services liberalization significantly increases firms’ product...

Trade in services is an important component of international trade and is becoming increasingly more important with growth rates exceeding the rates with which goods trade increases. This is also true in the bilateral U.S. - EU relationship: Trade in services, and especially trade in digitally...

We study the effects of services trade reforms in a multi-country multi-sector quantitative trade model with input-output linkages. We find that (i) welfare gains from substantial services trade liberalization are large, around 3 percent on average; (ii) gains are larger by 0.7 percentage points...

This study examines two key challenges in services trade research: the reliability of trade data and the measurement of non-tariff barriers, particularly the Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI). Using firm-level panel data from Türkiye with fixed effects, we show that international data...

The Combined International Trade and Investment Data (CITID) represents a new innovative and comprehensive data landscape that combines firm-level data focused on international trade and investment. The datasets are sourced from both the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Federal Statistical Office of...

Conventional wisdom suggests that when business regulation is excessive, deregulation should enhance efficiency. The liberalization of services markets in Croatia demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case, particularly when features of the reform process allow undue influence by those...

Conventional wisdom suggests that when business regulation is excessive, deregulation should enhance efficiency. The liberalization of services markets in Croatia demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case, particularly when features of the reform process allow undue influence by those...

We investigate the systematic complementarities between import and export activities of firms using a novel firm-level data set for Germany. Specifically, we examine whether firms that import more are also inclined to export more, decomposing this relationship into extensive country and product...

The economic environment for services trade has changed dramatically over the past 15 years, driven by rapid technological progress that has expanded the possibilities for exchanging services. How has trade policy responded to these changes? How do policy stances in a wide range of service...

The economic environment for services trade has changed dramatically over the past 15 years, driven by rapid technological progress that has expanded the possibilities for exchanging services. How has trade policy responded to these changes? How do policy stances in a wide range of service...

The economic environment for services trade has changed dramatically over the past 15 years, driven by rapid technological progress that has expanded the possibilities for exchanging services. How has trade policy responded to these changes? How do policy stances in a wide range of service...

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint 2025, aimed at fostering deeper regional integration, competitiveness, and economic resilience, has recently been adopted This paper provides an updated assessment of AEC and the Philippines' progress over the last five years, considering recent...

This paper investigates the effects of withholding taxes on cross-border trade in services, using a newly compiled dataset covering the universe of bilateral service imports and withholding tax rates from 2005 to 2021. Employing a theoretical framework that highlights the role of withholding...

This paper introduces the Bilateral Trade in Services (BiTS) research dataset. BiTS draws primarily on the non-estimated trade values from the OECD-WTO Balanced Trade in Services (BaTIS) database, which serves as the cornerstone of this work. By harmonizing BaTIS data with information from the...

This paper examines the determinants of service exports in emerging Asian economies, with particular emphasis on digital services, which have experienced considerable expansion across the region. Utilizing a structural gravity model, the findings indicate that supply-side factors predominantly...

The paper presents an analysis of the tariff equivalent (AVEs) of regulations in the services sector, employing sectoral-level estimates derived from the gravity equation. Our findings indicate that advancements in information and communication technology have diminished the significance of...

Agriculture is the primary sector sustaining the Indonesian economy. However, appropriate policies are also required to support the service sector. Therefore, this study aims to analyze two central policies: the impact of trade openness and the role of the service sector on agriculture and...

The economic environment for services trade has changed dramatically over the past 15 years, driven by rapid technological progress that has expanded the possibilities for exchanging services. How has trade policy responded to these changes? How do policy stances in a wide range of service...

Over the last three decades, South Asian economies have shown a continued upsurge in services exports, contributing to their external sector stability and economic growth. In this context, we examine the role of human capital in boosting services exports and revisit the other determinants of...

This paper evaluates Sri Lanka's readiness to join the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), with a focus on services trade. Services exports have grown moderately since 2015, led by travel, transport, and business process outsourcing, while imports have contracted, resulting in a...

This paper assesses Bangladesh's readiness to join the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) from the perspective of services trade. In Bangladesh, services exports have grown rapidly but remain narrow in scope and overshadowed by rising imports, leading to persistent deficits. RCEP...