Vor dem Hintergrund des russischen Angriffskriegs suchen immer mehr Familien aus der Ukraine Schutz in Deutschland. Am 5. Mai 2022 waren rund 242.000 geflüchtete Minderjährige aus der Ukraine in Deutschland registriert und die Fluchtzuwanderung setzt sich weiter fort. So dürften sich...

Vor dem Hintergrund des russischen Angriffskriegs suchen immer mehr Familien aus der Ukraine Schutz in Deutschland. Am 5. Mai 2022 waren rund 242.000 geflüchtete Minderjährige aus der Ukraine in Deutschland registriert und die Fluchtzuwanderung setzt sich weiter fort. So dürften sich...

Motivated by the problems of imbalance between the supply of and demand for the different levels of hospitals in a hierarchical healthcare system, we propose two contract mechanisms: patient subsidy and capacity investment. Under the patient subsidy scheme, each patient who chooses the primary...

In this paper, we consider the multi-period joint capacity allocation and job assignment problem. The goal of the planner is to simultaneously decide on allocating resources across the J different supply nodes, and assigning of jobs of I different demand origins to these J nodes, so as to...

We study the abilities of competitive markets to produce sufficient energy capacities to meet a fixed energy demand. Renewable energy producers with stochastic outputs and no variable costs compete against conventional energy producers with deterministic, pollutant outputs and increasing...

This chapter evaluates state capacity from a long-run historical perspective. We discuss how to define and measure state capacity. We explain how the establishment of a high-capacity state can enhance domestic peace, improve material prosperity, and promote more pluralistic norms. We describe...

Adhesion of type-P and type-1 fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) to uroepithelial cells initiates urinary tract infections (UTIs). This research aimed to evaluate the capacities of cranberry polyphenols and their microbial metabolites to inhibit such adhesion in vitro using a modified...

We investigate how capacity payments in combination with scarcity pricing of energy can ensure resource adequacy in electricity markets, defined as the ability of supply and other resources to provide enough energy and capacity to meet demand under steady-state operating conditions. This work...

In this paper we discuss optimal renewable energy investment (in wind and solar technology) under uncertainty in a real options approach framework. We consider the combined impact of uncertain production volumes associated with renewable energy power output, policy uncertainty via uncertain...

This paper analyses the effect of a firm’s organizational capacity on the reported profitability of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Better organizational practices improve productivity and the potential taxable profits of firms. However, higher adoption of these practices may also enable...

Many production systems cannot produce to stock and utilize capacity management to cope with variability in demand, for example Make-to-order (MTO) systems. Often, regular capacity can be increased through a flexible workforce, but the decision about the additional capacity must be made before...

We study a firm's optimal investment timing and capacity decisions in the presence of uncertain time-to-build. Because of the time-to-build, the firm can expand its capacity before or after the initial project is completed and the lags of the follow-up investment can be shorter than those of the...

While batch processes are ubiquitous across industries, there is little understanding of the determination of the capacity (i.e., the maximum long-term output rate) of such processes. In this paper, we consider processes with collaboration (activities may require multiple resources...

In this paper, we consider a supplier serving two competing manufacturers who produce and sell their products in the same market faced with the uncertain demand. The manufacturers can either participate in the supplier development programme by reserving their capacities from the supplier before...

Investment decisions in competitive power markets are based upon thorough profitability assessments. Thereby, investors typically show a high degree of risk aversion, which is the main argument for capacity mechanisms being implemented around the world. In order to investigate the...

Demand forecasting and capacity management are complicated tasks for emergency healthcare services due to the uncertainty, complex relationships, and high public exposure involved. Published research does not show integrated solutions to these tasks. Thus, the objective of this paper is to...

Purpose: The theory of constraints (TOC) drum-buffer-rope methodology is appropriate when managing a production plant in complex environments, such as make-to-order (MTO) scenarios. However, some difficulties have been detected in implementing this methodology in such changing environments. This...

A key challenge for long-term power sector planning models is to simultaneously represent multisector interactions within the energy system in response to broader technological and societal factors, while considering sufficient structural details within the power sector. We incorporate improved...

The response to COVID-19 as a public health emergency has raised questions about preparedness against future pandemics. The United States Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) with medically critical items such as ventilators and personal protection equipment for major public health emergencies...

A number of recent papers have examined the role of environmental variables in accounting for economic growth, and have concluded that net measures of national product are superior to gross measures in portraying the outcome of the growth process. This paper argues that the two measures are not...

Endogenous timing can help to derive the time structure of decision making instead of assuming it as exogenously given. In our study we consider a homogeneous market where, like in the model of Kreps and Scheinkman (1983), sellers determine sales capacities before prices. Sellers must serve...

For serial multi-echelon systems subject to production capacity limits at every stage, we consider a class of modified echelon base stock (MEBS) policies. To evaluate information requirements of such systems, we consider two separate inventory management mechanisms operated in a decentralized...

Manufacturers that utilize capacitated flexible resources to produce a variety of products are often exposed to large mismatches between supply and demand due to some irregularities in their demand patterns. These irregularities arise from (1) uncertainty about the number of orders received from...

Abstract Perishable capacity is often sold before it is used (e.g., tickets sold weeks before a sporting event) which creates the opportunity to include in the pricing mechanism a recourse strategy, i.e., allowing the firm or buyer to change ownership after an initial transaction. For example, a...

Even mature industries seldom settle down into a long-run steady state. Fluctuations in demand disrupt the status quo and call for firms to adjust their capacities on an ongoing basis. We construct a fully dynamic model of an oligopolistic industry with lumpy capacity and lumpy...

Motivated by the persistent lack of testing capacity in the COVID-19 pandemic, we study the question "who should be tested?" when capacity is limited, tests have errors, and patients differ in their prior probability of being infected. While health offcials initially prioritized testing patients...

At present, labour unions of waste disposal agencies and company management are at loggerheads, frequently turning out contradictory sanitation assessments. This reveals a shifting outlook of sanitation accomplishment that should be resolved. Unfortunately, there is scanty research on road...

Due to changes in individual demand, manufacturing processes have become more complex and dynamic. To cope with respective fluctuations as well as machine breakdowns, capacity adjustment is one of the major effective measures. Instead of labor-oriented methods, we propose a machinery-based...

This article proposes a novel multi-criteria multi-commodity network flow (MCMCNF) model to help transport planners and other analysts holistically assess different types of transportation systems (TS). This model provides a tool to autonomously analyse the effect of expansions, tolls, different...

Ongoing digitalization of production accelerates trends like mass customization, ever shorter lead times, and shrinking product life cycles. Thereby, industrial companies face increasingly volatile demand that complicates an appropriate production capacity planning. On the other hand, the...

It is widely believed that cartels with too many members are destined to fail. The standard argument is that as the number of cartel members increases, shares of collusive profit diminish relative to deviation profits. We show that this argument is built on unreasonable assumptions about plant...