We examine how foreign macroprudential tightening transmits through multinational firms' internal capital markets. Using subsidiary exposure to countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) increases, we find that while bank credit to subsidiaries falls 10 percent, parents fully substitute this via...

Since U.S. bank capital holdings began rising almost concurrently with the monetary policy change after 2008, we examine the role of capital requirements for monetary policy regimes. While standard models predict that equilibrium determination and responses to aggregate shocks are fundamentally...

Banks use synthetic risk transfers (SRTs) to offload potential losses in their loan portfolios to non-bank investors while retaining the loans on their balance sheets. We investigate this trillion-euro market using transaction-level data from the euro area, the largest SRT market, and highlight...

This study investigates credit unions' expansion into non-core lending and its association with risk and financial resilience. Using US credit union call report data from 1994 to 2024, we measure the share of purchased loans, lease receivables, and loans held for sale in non-core lending. We...

This paper describes and evaluates the European Union (EU) banking sector capital framework, focusing on how the international standards set by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision have been implemented within the EU. Using granular supervisory data for significant institutions under the...

Under which conditions do usability constraints for regulatory capital buffers emerge? To answer this question, we build a non-linear structural banking sector model with a minimum capital requirement that banks are not allowed to breach, and a capital buffer requirement (CBR) that banks can...

This study examines the systemic operational risk in Morocco's banking sector using a Panel VAR model based on data from three banks over ten years. The model includes real GDP, interbank rate (TMP), and bank credit, alongside indicators of operational, credit, and liquidity risks. The Impulse...

Internal ratings-based models play a central role in bank risk management and regulatory capital determination, yet their validation remains methodologically challenging and operationally resourceintensive. In this paper, we contribute to the quantitative validation of probability of default...

This study aims to analyze the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure quality on banking risk. Data were collected from the 100 largest commercial banks in the Middle East and Africa over ten years and examined using econometric analysis to measure the influence of ESG...

We extend the reference DSGE model used for policy analysis at the NBB with a financial sector, by incorporating multi-period fixed-rate corporate and mortgage loans, an imperfect pass-through from policy rates to the deposit rate, and bank capital re-quirements. Adding multi-period fixed-rate...

Countries choose diverse policy mixes of macroprudential and capital flow management measures, yet the drivers behind these policy choices remain largely unexplored. We identify potential conditions for the adoption and determinants of the use of macroprudential and capital flow management...

This study evaluates the credit risk of sustainable loans in a preferential capital requirement programme. We utilise loanlevel data from a uniquely implemented programme from Hungary, applying logistic regressions and survival analysis techniques. We observe a significantly reduced credit risk...

Conventional measures of bank solvency fail to account for the unique liquidity risks posed by deposits. Using public regulatory data, we develop a novel measure, economic capital, that jointly quantifies the impact of credit, liquidity, and market risk on bank solvency. We validate that...

Banks predominantly issue nondilutive CoCos, contrary to the suggestion that CoCos should be dilutive to reduce risk-taking. In an agency model of two moral hazards, we show that, although dilutive CoCos deter ex ante risk-taking and prevent banks from being undercapitalized, penalizing...

The objective of the current work is to estimate to what extent support measures of the Bank of Russia and the Government of the Russian Federation promoted financial stability of banks and the financial market overall so to sustain lending economy-wide during the crisis periods of 2014, 2020,...

This paper examines whether global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) engage in window-dressing behavior to circumvent or reduce regulatory requirements, increasing vul- nerability to economic shocks. Using a comprehensive global bank sample, we uncover ev- idence of such practices: G-SIBs...

We use confidential loan-level data from the European Central Bank to investigate how changes in the countercyclical capital buffer requirement in Germany affect lending to firms. We find evidence showing that tightening the countercyclical capital buffer leads German banks to reduce the volume...

This paper uses survival analysis as a tool to assess credit risk in loan portfolios within the framework of the Basel Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) approach. By modeling the time to default using survival functions, the methodology allows for the estimation of default probabilities and the...

Value-at-Risk (VaR) is a key metric widely applied in market risk assessment and regulatory compliance under the Basel III framework. This study compares two Monte Carlo-based VaR models using publicly available equity data: a return-based model calibrated to historical portfolio volatility, and...

The literature on large-scale urban development projects often primarily addresses drastic failures and their underlying causes. Recently, however, success factors have also received increasing attention. From both perspectives, management approaches, participation logics and political...

This paper explores the interplay between the risk- and leverage-based prudential and the resolution frameworks within the EU banking system. The prudential framework is designed to enhance the resilience of both individual banks and the banking sector as a whole. It does so by imposing minimum...

The IMF working paper, "Good Supervision: lessons from the field," examines the effectiveness of On-site Inspections (OSIs) as a supervisory tool in advanced economies (AEs), drawing insights from 60 Basel Core Principles (BCPs) assessments conducted between 2012 and June 2023. Despite their...

This paper examines the relationship between capital requirements, capital ratios and bank competitiveness - measured as profit efficiency. Using data envelopment analysis techniques, profit efficiency scores were estimated for a sample of listed significant institutions directly supervised by...