Since the 1959 revolution, the Cuban state has committed to women's empowerment and enacted a series of laws and policies to promote women's equal and active participation in all spheres of life. Sources agree that Cuba has made remarkable progress towards women's economic empowerment and gender...

Dieser Beitrag untersucht auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) 2018 die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem väterlichen Kinderbetreuungsanteil im Paar und den in der Literatur einschlägigen Wirkmechanismen Zeitbudgetverhältnis, Einkommensrelation und Geschlechterrolleneinstellungen im...

Background: As a response to the spread of the coronavirus in Germany, day care centres and schools closed nationwide, leaving families to grapple with additional child care tasks. In Germany, as in many other societies, women shoulder the lion's share of housework and child care...

Die Corona-bedingten Schulschließungen sowie die Schließung von Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen im April und Mai 2020 haben viele Eltern vor eine immense Herausforderung gestellt. Plötzlich mussten Kinder ganztags Zuhause betreut und beschult werden. In diesem Beitrag beschäftigen wir uns mit...

Neben den Zielen des Infektionsschutzes und der Vermeidung von Überlastungen der Kapazitäten des Gesundheitswesens ist auch das Nutzen von Bildungs- und Betreuungsangeboten ein weiteres Ziel, das insbesondere im Kontext steigender Frauenerwerbstätigkeit und im Hinblick auf das Kindeswohl...

Bildung ist zentral für den Wohlstand von hochentwickelten Volkswirtschaften wie Österreich. Dies belegen unzählige Studien und Untersuchungen. Dabei spielt auch der Einstieg in das Bildungssystem eine zentrale Rolle. Hier wird der Grundstein für die weitere Entwicklung junger Menschen...

Auf kleinräumiger Ebene lässt sich der Betreuungsausbau aus zwei unterschiedlichen Perspektiven betrachten. Entweder kann man der Frage nachgehen, wie stark in den Kommunen an dieser Stelle investiert wurde und die Anstiege bei den Platzzahlen vergleichen, oder man kann die regionalen...

In 2007 the Italian central government started a program by transferring funds to regional governments to develop both private and public early childcare services. Exploiting the different timing of program implementation across regions, we evaluate its effectiveness in boosting the public...

There is a well-known gender difference in time allocation within the household, which has important implications for gender differences in labor market outcomes. We ask how malleable this gender difference in time allocation is to culture. In particular, we ask if US immigrants allocate tasks...

This paper combines multiple sources of information on early childhood development in a unified model for analysis of a wide range of early childhood policy interventions. We develop a model of child care in which households decide both the quantities and qualities of maternal and non-maternal...

Increasing mothers' labour supply in a child's preschool years can cause a reduction in time investments that lead to a negative direct effect on mid-childhood and teenage outcomes. But as mothers' work hours increase, income will rise. We ask whether income can compensate for the negative...

We study the relationship between a key early intervention policy designed to support families with children up to the age of four and the rate at which children are taken into social care. The gradual build-up of over 3,600 Sure Start Children's Centres (SSCC), operated by Local Authorities...

There is a well-known gender difference in time allocation within the household, which has important implications for gender differences in labor market outcomes. We ask how malleable this gender difference in time allocation is to culture. In particular, we ask if US immigrants allocate tasks...

There is a well-known gender difference in time allocation within the household, which has important implications for gender differences in labor market outcomes. We ask how malleable this gender difference in time allocation is to culture. In particular, we ask if US immigrants allocate tasks...

Since the 1959 revolution, the Cuban state has committed to women's empowerment and enacted a series of laws and policies to promote women's equal and active participation in all spheres of life. Sources agree that Cuba has made remarkable progress towards women's economic empowerment and gender...

How parents respond to changes in the price of childcare is an important, though not fully understood, public policy question. Our paper provides new comprehensive evidence on how a home care subsidy jointly affects maternal labour market outcomes, childcare choices, and children's development....

We provide novel estimates of gender differences in the allocation of time by Italian adults and document their trends over the span 2002-2014, pooling three time-use surveys run by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). The positive gap (females-males) in time devoted to...

Dieser Beitrag untersucht auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) 2018 die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem väterlichen Kinderbetreuungsanteil im Paar und den in der Literatur einschlägigen Wirkmechanismen Zeitbudgetverhältnis, Einkommensrelation und Geschlechterrolleneinstellungen im...

We estimate gender gaps in the allocation of time by Italian adults and their trends over the years 2002-2014. We disentangle time use in weekdays and weekend days and analyse separately full-time working parents with young children, representing the subsample more mindful of gender parity. In...

The lottery of birth draws some children into deprived environments and others into environments where they thrive. In a field experiment in rural India with 10-20 months old children we test two scalable interventions to reduce early disadvantages in health and mental development. We distribute...

Whether cash transfers have unintended behavioural effects on the recipient household's labour supply is of considerable policy interest. We examine the 'intent to treat effect' of the Indira Gandhi National Old-Age Pension Scheme on prime-age women's labour supply decisions in India, where...

The covid-19 pandemic led many countries to close schools and declare lockdowns during the Spring of 2020, with important impacts on the labor market. We document the effects of the covid-19 lockdown in Spain, which was hit early and hard by the pandemic and suffered one of the strictest...

This study examines the initial impact of COVID-19 shutdowns on the employment and hours of unincorporated self-employed workers using data from the Current Population Survey. Although the shutdowns decreased employment and hours for all groups, differential effects by gender, couple status, and...

Background: As a response to the spread of the coronavirus in Germany, day care centres and schools closed nationwide, leaving families to grapple with additional child care tasks. In Germany, as in many other societies, women shoulder the lion's share of housework and child care...

Die Corona-bedingten Schulschließungen sowie die Schließung von Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen im April und Mai 2020 haben viele Eltern vor eine immense Herausforderung gestellt. Plötzlich mussten Kinder ganztags Zuhause betreut und beschult werden. In diesem Beitrag beschäftigen wir uns mit...

Stay-at-home orders (SAHOs) have been implemented in most U.S. states to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This paper quantifies the short-run impact of these containment policies on the supply of and demand for child care. The child care market may be particularly vulnerable to a SAHO-type...

This paper investigates the impact of attending early childcare on the quality of parent–child interactions and children's cognitive outcomes. My identification strategy exploits geographical differences in terms of exposure to the program, controlling for the period when the program is...

Public educators and philanthropists in the late 19th century United States promoted the establishment of kindergartens in cities as a remedy for the social problems associated with industrialization and immigration. Between 1880 and 1910, more than seven thousand kindergartens opened their...

We estimate the policy impacts of the resumption of income thresholds for childcare benefits (CB) policy in April 2012 on female labor market participation, expenditure on childcare services, and child health outcomes using the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century in Japan. We use...

The closures of childcare providers to most families during the COVID-19 crisis have underlined the importance of access to childcare, both to support paid work and to help shape young children's environment. However, the crisis has had severe consequences for the finances of childcare...

This paper studies the multidimensional nature of investments in children within a dynamic framework. In particular, we examine the roles of parental time investments, purchased home goods/services inputs, and market-based child care services. We first document strong increases in total...

Auf kleinräumiger Ebene lässt sich der Betreuungsausbau aus zwei unterschiedlichen Perspektiven betrachten. Entweder kann man der Frage nachgehen, wie stark in den Kommunen an dieser Stelle investiert wurde und die Anstiege bei den Platzzahlen vergleichen, oder man kann die regionalen...

Die Policy Note untersucht Strukturen des Kinderbetreuungswesens. Dabei weist das Kinderbetreuungsangebot, trotz seiner starken räumlichen Ausweitung in der Vergangenheit, auch Mängel auf. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Öffnungszeiten, die in manchen Regionen sehr kurz sind. Das...

COVID-19 has uprooted many aspects of parents' daily routines, from their jobs to their childcare arrangements. In this paper, we provide a novel description of how parents in England living in two-parent opposite-gender families are spending their time under lockdown. We find that mothers' paid...

The Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), a tax credit based on taxpayers' income and child care expenses, reduces families' child care costs. The nonrefundable federal CDCC is available to working families with children younger than 13 years old in all states, and nearly half of states...

In recent US recessions, employment losses have been much larger for men than for women. Yet, in the current recession caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the opposite is true: unemployment is higher among women. In this paper, we analyze the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. We argue...

How parents respond to changes in the price of childcare is an important, though not fully understood, public policy question. Our paper provides newcomprehensive evidence on howa home care subsidy jointly affects maternal labour market outcomes, childcare choices, and children's development. We...

Neben den Zielen des Infektionsschutzes und der Vermeidung von Überlastungen der Kapazitäten des Gesundheitswesens ist auch das Nutzen von Bildungs- und Betreuungsangeboten ein weiteres Ziel, das insbesondere im Kontext steigender Frauenerwerbstätigkeit und im Hinblick auf das Kindeswohl...

Bildung ist zentral für den Wohlstand von hochentwickelten Volkswirtschaften wie Österreich. Dies belegen unzählige Studien und Untersuchungen. Dabei spielt auch der Einstieg in das Bildungssystem eine zentrale Rolle. Hier wird der Grundstein für die weitere Entwicklung junger Menschen...