This paper explores the relationship between fiscal decentralization, which gave greater rural industrialization and fiscal authority to local governments, and the emergence of rural-rural undocumented inter-provincial labor migration during China's initial reform period. A Heckman model is...

A rural place and a rural people -- Building factories in the country -- Rise of the rural-industrial workers -- Prosperous, independent rural-industrial workers -- Work and identity in the factory and at home -- Movements for equality in a time of industrial restructuring -- Conclusion: Country...

Electricity as new India's "strategic railway" -- Maharashtra and the politics of selective rural development -- Extractive industrialization and limited electrification in Odisha -- Social movements and electric populism in Andhra Pradesh -- Conclusion: "electricity for all

"The official banking institutions for rural China are Rural Credit Cooperatives (RCCs). Although these co-ops are mandated to support agricultural development among farm households, since 1980 half of RCC loans have gone to small and medium-sized industrial enterprises located in, and managed...

The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze economic and policy factors affecting pollution by Township and Village Industrial Enterprises (TVIEs) in China and to discuss problems and directions in environmental policies for them. With the rapid growth of TVIEs since the early 1980s,...

The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between economic performance and labourmanoeuvrability of township-village enterprises in the Jiangsu province, China. We start with a generaloverview of the development in the Chinese economy and the functioning of labour markets. Next,...