Academic freedom is a cornerstone of modern academic life. It is not only implied by basic liberal principles but also contributes to scientific progress and economic growth. It is therefore important to better understand what affects how free scholarly pursuits are, and to that end, we ask...

This paper analyzes the effects of the revolving door, concentrating not only on the dynamics between regulators and firms but also on whether regulating the revolving door is optimal from the point of view of society. The study explores the trade-off between two interconnected aspects related...

This paper examines the state and evolution of the rule of law in Mozambique, focusing on key dimensions such as voice and political participation, judicial independence and accessibility, corruption, access to basic services, personal security, and property rights. Drawing on Afrobarometer...

Private ordering enables investors to design firm-specific governance arrangements. Aided by specialized lawyers, sophisticated contracting parties can engage in complex private ordering exercises yielding agency cost-minimizing governance structures. Venture capital ('VC') contracting is a...

This Brief introduces the Justice Pillars Towards Evidence-Based Reform (JUPITER) initiative, a standardized yet flexible, country-based assessment tool that evaluates the effectiveness of justice systems across countries. Developed by the World Bank's Global Program on Justice and the Rule of...

This Brief examines the complex relationship between statutory courts and customary law systems, highlighting the historical context that fostered legal pluralism in many countries. It argues that attempts to replace customary practices with uniform legal frameworks have largely failed,...

Judicial map reforms refer to an emerging stream of reform programs that attempts to improve the responsiveness of the justice system by adjusting the courts' location, size, and jurisdiction to demographic and socio-economic factors. Building on the World Bank's experience in supporting client...

What is ethics and how is it related to the legal system and to economics? Are there ethical values in Jewish Law, and could it be that we find in the writing of Hazal [the sages] an interest in job turnover? The purpose of this paper is to answer to those questions by focusing on a specific...

Academic freedom is a cornerstone of modern academic life. It is not only implied by basic liberal principles but also contributes to scientific progress and economic growth. It is therefore important to better understand what affects how free scholarly pursuits are, and to that end, we ask...

Adequate budgeting of the judiciary is critical for the effective delivery of justice. This brief presents trends in judicial budgets. Courts account for less than 2 percent of total government expenditure on average, with significant portions dedicated to fixed costs such as salaries, thereby...

This note explores the use of technology to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of judicial service delivery. It examines how technological solutions can support streamlining internal court processes, facilitate access for court users, and support the quality of judicial...

Small claims courts and procedures play an important role in enhancing the efficiency and accessibility of the justice system. When well-designed, they can significantly streamline judicial processes, reduce the burden on courts, and increase access to justice for individuals and small...

This document is part of a series of Comparative Law studies that analyze the freedom to conduct a business in different legal orders around the world. After a brief historic introduction and a presentation of applicable legislation and case law, the content, limits and possible evolution of...

This document is part of a series of Comparative Law studies that analyze the freedom to conduct a business in different legal orders around the world. After a brief historic introduction and a presentation of applicable legislation and case law, the content, limits and possible evolution of...

This study presents a meta-regression analysis on the literature of courts efficiency. The metadata set comprises 264 efficiency scores retrieved from 36 papers published from 1992 to 2019. Our models explain a substantial proportion of both within- and between-study heterogeneity. Estimates...

Efficient financial systems play a crucial role in promoting economic growth and development. This study explores the impact of judicial efficiency (JE) on financial system efficiency (FSE) and its components, financial institutions efficiency (FIE) and financial markets efficiency (FME), across...

Courts are high-stakes institutions, where the influence of the use of legal technology (legaltech) may not be confined to the individuals utilizing the tools. The existing evidence is insufficient for predicting the approval of legaltech in court proceedings. We aimed to provide empirical...

This paper intends to assess the feasibility of introducing a lawyer's monopoly in Kazakhstan. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the current legal provisions of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding judicial representatives authorized to provide legal assistance on behalf of civil...

In today’s globalized competitive landscape several dimensions such as labour, markets and capital are integrated. As a result, companies attempt to gain inbound foreign capital. To achieve that they investigate away countries to host their operations and to trade their shares. While the...

Die öffentliche Meinung findet Transparenz sympathisch, denn sie fördert eine offene und demokratische Gesellschaft. Privatpersonen tendieren hingegen zum Gegenteil und berufen sich dafür auf Grundrechte. Es bedarf deshalb einer Abwägung zwischen der Transparenz für Demokratie und faire...

Upon the request of the authorities of Moldova, the Legal Department provided Technical Assistance on the establishment of the Specialized Anti-Corruption Judiciary (SAJ) in Moldova. The TA report provides analysis of the draft law on the Anti-Corruption Judicial System and other related laws,...

This paper analyzes the effects of the revolving door, focusing not only on the relationship between regulators and firms, but analyzing whether regulating the revolving door is optimal from the point of view of society. This paper examines the tradeoff between these two elements linked to the...

Corporate bond issuances and bank lending coexist despite being financed by the same debt. This study investigated whether strengthening rule of law influences bond issuance and bank lending preferences, using two regression models and data for 50 countries, and found that strengthening the rule...

In the common law legal system, the main sources of law are habits that live in society as a legal culture, as well as agreements that have been agreed upon by the parties. Meanwhile, in the civil law legal system, the regulations set by the government are the main source of law. There are two...

This study provides a descriptive overview of Bolivia's current situation regarding corporate criminal liability status, particularly in cases of corruption related to contracts with the government. It describes the conditions for corporate criminal attribution and outlines criminal sanctions...

This work makes sure to examine the three basic concepts: the judicial system, justice and most especially, the law. In furtherance, the work delves into creating a proper nexus between the concepts of justice and law and contends that justice is derived from laws and the former is the primary...

Administrative law has the objective of protecting individuals from the possible abuse that they can encounter from powerful administrative branch of the government. This law also governs the conditions and procedures in which administrative decisions can be reviewed by court. However, judicial...

This work (written in Spanish) approach the topic of systemic law as new sort of legal cognition. Inside this approach there is an intention to epistemologically integrate notions from both hard and soft disciplines onto a trandisciplinary space in which this pretended autonomous discipline...

Antitrust immunity for employees and unions seems to be a corny topic in the U.S. Although the Sherman Act in 1890 was once a tool to suppress labor organizations, exemptions were gradually granted in the following decades by several acts (e.g., the Clayton Act in 1914, and the Norris-LaGuardia...

Die Umsetzung von EU-Recht in die innerstaatliche Rechtsordnung kann die Haushalte von Bund und Ländern erheblich belasten. Um derartige finanzielle Auswirkungen zu ermitteln, werden die in Gesetzentwürfen veranschlagten Staatsausgaben für Rechtsakte der EU über einen Zeitraum von 30 Jahren...

This policy brief outlines the prospects, challenges, and potential directions for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the judiciary, using Estonia as a case study. It summarises various perspectives on the use of technology and especially AI in the justice sector drawing on the...

This paper analyzes the effects of the revolving door, focusing not only on the relationship between regulators and firms, but analyzing whether regulating the revolving door is optimal from the point of view of society. This paper examines the tradeoff between these two elements linked to the...

Judges perform very different analyses when investors ask for protection. When the petitioning party is a shareholder, the court will deploy broad equitable doctrines with an eye towards reaching a fair result. On the other hand, creditors typically find a much less sympathetic ear, as courts...

It is important to note that institutional quality has a substantial impact on a country's long-term economic growth, which influences other economic indicators, such as inflation and monetary policy. An in-depth examination of the existence of this crucial relationship was conducted by applying...

This chapter examines the relationship between formalist interpretive methodology and ideals of legality and the rule of law. In other work, I have argued that the structural formality of law and deliberatively formalistic legal reasoning are closely associated with legality and the rule of law....