According to the dealing at arm’s length principle, the price of goods transferred or services within MNE groups should be determined by the market forces. The requirement for this, is that the market prices for such goods or services are known or can be determined. However, market prices are...

Tax uncertainty often negatively affects investment. Against the background of existing tax uncertainty many tax authorities provide fiscal instruments that reduce such uncertainty before investors carry out their investment projects. Advance tax rulings (ATRs) between taxpayers and the tax...

Introduction -- Overview of international taxation -- Examples of country tax systems -- Manufacturing -- Procurement companies -- Distribution and regional sales companies -- Shipping and air transport -- Value added tax -- Customs duties and tariffs -- The digital economy -- Social security...

This report contains revised standards for transfer pricing documentation incorporating a master file, local file, and a template for country-by-country reporting of revenues, profits, taxes paid and certain measures of economic activity. The revised standardised approach will require taxpayers...