Why did shareholder liability disappear? We address this question by looking at its use by British insurance companies from 1830 until its complete disappearance by 1975. We explore three explanations for its demise: (1) regulation and government-provided policyholder protection meant that it...

Using hand-collected data on purchases of D&O insurance by Chinese listed firms for the period from 2008 to 2019, we empirically find that D&O insurance negatively associates with credit spreads. The negative relationship still holds after conducting a series of robustness tests and is not...

In this paper, we present a new family of bivariate mixed exponential regression models for taking into account the positive correlation between the cost of claims from motor third party liability bodily injury and property damage in a versatile manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate how maximum...

Conventional insurance law lore provides intentional torts are not, and should not be, covered by insurance. There are four primary justifications for this: 1) injuries or losses must be fortuitous (i.e., accidental) to be covered by insurance, 2) most insurance policies contain express...

We study the factors that predict medical malpractice ("med mal") insurance premia, using national data from Medical Liability Monitor over 1990 to 2017. A number of core findings are not easily explained by standard economic theory. First, we estimate long run elasticities of premia to...

Insurers' principal function – underwriting – is to assess and price customer risk. Economic theory suggests that insurers should prioritize underwriting over investment as a source of income. We find that many U.S. non-life insurers conform to theory: they consistently earn high returns on...

In this paper, we examine the monitoring effect of Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance (D&O insurance) on firms’ acquisitions in China. We find that firms with managers covered by D&O insurance are less likely to undertake acquisitions and if they do, their acquisitions are...

The aim of this study is to empirically analyse the determinants of Property-Liability Insurance (PLI) in India over a period from 1992 to 2019. Statistical methods on time series data acknowledge that a long-term relationship exists among the variables without incurring spurious regression. The...

China has introduced several governance practices to guide the healthy development of the capital market, which have prompted the development of Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance (D&O insurance). This study finds that purchase of D&O insurance has a negative effect on corporate...

We investigate the impact of the purchase of Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance (D&O insurance) on a firm’s risk-taking behaviour in China, measured by the firm’s maturity mismatch ratio. Using a unique manually collected dataset, we find a significant positive relationship...

Based on the risk hedging perspective, this paper examines the impact of directors' and officers' liability insurance (hereafter referred to as D&O liability insurance) on the pricing of corporate bonds. We find that the purchase of D&O liability insurance can effectively reduce corporate bond...

In the face of declining leniency applications, and the risk that that poses to the effectiveness of anti-cartel enforcement, this paper considers the role that competition law specific liability insurance could have on rebalancing the calculation for determining whether to self-report

This study investigates the level, structure, and pay-for-performance relationship of CEO compensation in Korean non-life insurance companies. We find that seniority plays an important role in setting CEO compensation practices and that performance-based pay, such as bonus, is more effective...

Given the rapidly growing industry-wide trends to promote diversity, we provide the first evidence that executive gender differences impact insurer corporate decisions by examining reserve management of property-liability insurers. We find that female CEOs are more conservative in estimating...

Many businesses purchase Employment Practices Liability Insurance (EPLI), a form of insurance that protects them from claims of discrimination, harassment, retaliation, and wrongful termination. But critics of EPLI argue that allowing insurance coverage for employment liability detracts from...

This article examines the effects of directors’ and officers’ liability (D&O) insurance on the quality of environmental information disclosure in China. We present strong evidence that the D&O insurance enhances the quality of environmental information disclosure, consistent with governance...

At its 2018 Annual Meeting, The American Law Institute completed nearly a decade's worth of work on the Restatement of the Law, Liability Insurance. The Restatement's approval was deferred for a year from the 2017 Annual Meeting, largely because of opposition from insurance industry interests....

In recent years, the Chinese government and the public accounting profession have advocated the audit practitioners’ use of professional liability insurance (PLI). As a tool to divert audit firms’ business risk, PLI contracts could decrease auditors’ diligence in conducting audits, which...

Czech workers' compensation is "exemplified" by the adoption of the Worker's Accident Insurance Act in 2006, four deferments of its effective date and then complete annulment of the Act. A temporary settlement aimed at resolving the incompatibility of the communist model of workers' compensation...

This article presents the Poisson-Inverse Gamma regression model with varying dispersion for approximating heavy-tailed and overdispersed claim counts. Our main contribution is that we develop an Expectation-Maximization (EM) type algorithm for maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the...

States have been enacting tort reforms to reduce the liability of physicians conducting malpractice. However, tort reform may create a moral hazard because physicians may take less care due to reduced liability. This paper investigates whether physician moral hazard presents after tort reform. I...

In liability lawsuits (e.g. patent infringement) a plaintiff demands compensation from a defendant and the parties often negotiate a settlement to avoid a costly trial. Liability insurance creates bargaining leverage for the defendant in this settlement negotiation. We study the characteristics...

In this paper, we study two types of accounting conservatism in the property-liability (P&L) insurance industry – ex-ante and ex-post conservatism. Ex-ante conservatism means that firms over-report liabilities initially, before more detailed information becomes available. In contrast, ex-post...

Today the key to the unworkability of tort liability as applied to personal injury is the complexity of the insured event. Tort liability insurance calls for payment of economic and noneconomic (i.e., mostly pain and suffering) damages in lawsuits based on fault. The determination of both fault...