The European Union (EU) emerged as a product and beneficiary of the Liberal International Order (LIO). Yet, as this order disintegrates, marked by multipolarity, thin multilateralism, and the return of power politics, the EU has taken unprecedented integrative steps, including joint debt...

Industrial Revolution 4.0, with its emphasis on smart manufacturing, has a profound impact on traditional employment. This study aims to examine changes in firms employment decisions in the context of Industry 4.0, shedding light on the conflict between liberalism's market mechanisms and...

Dieser Aufsatz rekonstruiert aus ordonomischer Perspektive die Ratlosigkeit, mit der George Stigler 1979 der säkularen Ausdehnung staatlicher Aktivitäten im 20. Jahrhundert gegenüberstand. Stigler interpretierte das Staatswachstum handlungstheoretisch (als Akteursproblem) als Ergebnis von...

Dieser Aufsatz rekonstruiert aus ordonomischer Perspektive die Ratlosigkeit, mit der George Stigler 1979 der säkularen Ausdehnung staatlicher Aktivitäten im 20. Jahrhundert gegenüberstand. Stigler interpretierte das Staatswachstum handlungstheoretisch (als Akteursproblem) als Ergebnis von...

How can we better understand the relationship between capitalism and democracy today? This article challenges the prevailing "independence thesis" that views capitalism and democracy as separate and often antagonistic systems. By revisiting Adam Smith's integrationist approach to political...

"The data from text digitization show that "liberal" acquired a sustained political signification for the first time around 1769: the liberal policy principles of Adam Smith and his associates. The bodies of evidence include: (1) the non-occurrence in English prior to 1769 (with a few...

This article examines the interpretation of Adam Smith's writings in The Birth of Biopolitics, where Foucault delves into market processes, the government's role, the nature of economic knowledge, the dynamics of the "invisible hand," and the complex relationship between society and the state....

Libertarian paternalism is "the set of interventions aimed at overcoming the unavoidable cognitive biases and decisional inadequacies of an individual by exploiting them in such a way as to influence her decisions (in an easily reversible manner) towards choices that she herself would make if...

This paper examines paternalistic preferences in large-scale experiments in the U.S. Participants decide whether to intervene to prevent a stakeholder, mistaken about their options, to make a choice that is misaligned with their preferences. We find that the willingness to intervene strongly...

Industrial Revolution 4.0, with its emphasis on smart manufacturing, has a profound impact on traditional employment. This study aims to examine changes in firms employment decisions in the context of Industry 4.0, shedding light on the conflict between liberalism's market mechanisms and...

Chapter 1: Introduction: The Meaning of Liberal Emancipation – An Outline -- Chapter 2: Property Rights and the Liberating Effect of Generalized Increasing Returns: A Reassessment of the New History of Capitalism and the Economics of Slavery -- Chapter 3: Buchanan’s Theory of Emancipation:...

This volume takes stock and understands better what liberal ideas and institutions actually mean in the 21st century and why they are currently so heavily contested. It introduces the concept of “liberal script” to analyze but also problematize liberal thinking as much as its different...

Javier Milei's disruptive political style does not appear to have changed since taking office as Argentina's president on 10 December 2023. He continues to behave, including on social media, as an aggressive, lone warrior leading a crusade. Milei's government policies are largely in line with...

Ethiopia has long been in a period of upheaval characterised by massive levels of violence. Relations between the largest ethnic groups are in flux, as is their relationship with the government. The state lacks legitimacy in the central regions of the country, its monopoly on the use of force is...

Purpose - Using composite indices, the paper examines the nexus between militarization, globalization and liberal democracy. The democratic peace theory, the conflict inhibiting effects of international trade - a key and dominant facet of globalization - and the democracy promoting globalization...

For several decades, what has been called the "liberal cosmopolitan-minded urban elites" set the political agenda of Western democracies (Dold and Krieger 2019a). They aimed at personal freedom and upward social mobility by means of a meritocratic system that was safeguarded by a combination of...

Using a series of controlled laboratory experiments involving decisions to intervene in others’ choice opportunities; we find that groups grant more autonomy to others than individuals. This finding is robust across two decision contexts, one involving individual decision-making (Internality)...

This chapter discusses the added value of using “script” as a heuristic and an analytical concept over alternatives and introduces four central themes that structure this volume. We ask first what the liberal script is and how we can approach it from different viewpoints. Second, we inquire...

This contribution submits a specific description of the contemporary liberal script based on a sociological reconstruction. A script consists of a complex set of prescriptive and descriptive statements and a specific grammar that points to the relationship between them. We start by identifying...

The Abrahamic doctrine of liberty of the will can allow liberalism in the economy. For a century or so in academic theology, and stretching back to the early church and such revivals as the Radical Reformation, numerous Christian writers have denied such a liberalism. In the past century, for...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: What is freedom? A review of the prevailing perspectives -- Chapter 3: Freedom as Social Cooperation (FSC) -- Chapter 4: FSC as a theory of liberal democracy: the political system -- Chapter 5: FSC as a theory of liberal democracy: The economic system --...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Origins -- Chapter 3: “Liberalism” -- Chapter 4: Hayek’s History -- Chapter 5: “Liberals” in America -- Chapter 6: “Classical Liberalism” -- Chapter 7: Conclusion.