In recent years, scholars have been paying more attention to financial inclusion, which has been positioned as a crucial component in accomplishing the majority of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals set forward by the United Nations. Investigating the effects of life insurance and...

This study evaluates the utility derived by policyholders in a Danish pension company, from their life insurance coverages. We quantify the relative importance policyholders assign to their existing coverages versus a hypothetical complete coverage scenario, thereby measuring the implicit...

After 35 years of a free market in Poland, three life insurance companies have gained a dominant position in the market and developed certain procedural equilibrium in the area of training, allowing their status quo to be maintained. Yet, they do not take into account the opinions of agents and...

Prior research on the demand for life insurance in household portfolio holdings has not made a clear distinction between portfolio shifts resulting from active allocation decisions and those resulting from passive acceptance. Our study examines the relationship between household portfolio...

The study of mortality is an ever-active field of research, and new methods or combinations of methods are constantly being developed. In the actuarial domain, the study of phenomena disrupting mortality and leading to excess mortality, as in the case of COVID-19, is of great interest....

Lebanon does not have a national mortality table that reflects its demographic and health conditions. Despite ongoing changes in mortality patterns driven by economic crises, political instability, and social changes, outdated foreign tables such as AM80 remain in use in the insurance and public...

Guaranteed annuity options (GAOs) allow policyholders to convert accumulated funds into life annuities at maturity at a guaranteed minimum rate. Thus, insurers are exposed to both investment and longevity risks. Accurate valuation of these long-term, survival-contingent contracts is essential...

Life insurers sell savings contracts with surrender options, which allow policyholders to prematurely receive guaranteed surrender values. These surrender options move toward the money when interest rates rise. Hence, higher interest rates raise surrender rates, as we document empirically by...

This paper investigates the consumption and investment decisions of an individual facing uncertain lifespan and stochastic labor income within a Black-Scholes market framework, A key aspect of our study involves the agent's option to choose when to acquire life insurance for bequest purposes, We...

The study assesses the influence of company policy on the buying intentions of life insurance policyholders. The influence of agent behaviour and financial self-sufficiency on buying insurance products is measured as well. An attempt is also made to trace the impact of demographic factors like...

After 35 years of a free market in Poland, three life insurance companies have gained a dominant position in the market and developed certain procedural equilibrium in the area of training, allowing their status quo to be maintained. Yet, they do not take into account the opinions of agents and...

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) designates AI systems used in life and health insurance underwriting as high-risk systems, imposing rigorous requirements for bias testing, technical documentation, and post-deployment monitoring. Leveraging 12.4 million...

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) plays a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of decision-making processes within black-box Machine Learning models. Our objective is to introduce various xAI methodologies, providing risk managers with accessible approaches to model...

This article addresses the growing problem of customer harassment in Japan’s insurance industry, with a particular focus on the life insurance sector. “Customer harassment” – a uniquely Japanese term - refers to abusive behavior by customers toward service workers, such as verbal abuse,...

We show that life insurers have increased their lending in the private placement market over the past decade, totaling $849 billion, or 14%, on life insurers' balance sheets in 2024. A substantial part of the growth stems from private credit extension to financial borrowers and to privately...

Capital investment in longevity science-research targeting the biological processes of aging through interventions like cellular reprogramming, AI-driven drug discovery, and biological age monitoring-may create significant divergence between traditional actuarial projections and emerging...

Holders of life insurance policies can exercise various options that lead to contract modifications, e.g., full surrender, partial surrender, and paid-up and dynamic premium increase options. Transitions between these contract states materially affect (current and future) cash flows and thus...

This paper explores optimal consumption and investment strategies for agents facing mortality risk within a complete financial market. Departing from traditional frameworks, we leverage state-dependent utility theory, discounted by the state-price process, to compare consumption streams and...