Immigrant rights have been found to be better protected in democracies than in authoritarian regimes, but there is no systematic test of different explanations of why this is the case. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap by investigating which features of democratic political systems are...

This paper elaborates a typology of regionalized abortion policy based on a comparative case study of Italy and the United States. Italy originally legalized abortion in 1978 and has seen little effort to modify the law since. Contrastingly, the United States' abortion landscape has been in near...

This Brief examines the challenges in implementing laws protecting women's land rights in Sub-Saharan Africa. While some progress has been made in enacting legal protections, remaining discriminatory legislation, weak enforcement mechanisms, and conflicting rules and norms, notably, those...

The aim of paper is to define differences between Czech legislation and European law established by law or other valid legal regulations and to point out key areas that are different and key principles for transfer of European and Czech human rights and responsibilities arising employment legal...

This paper elaborates a typology of regionalized abortion policy based on a comparative case study of Italy and the United States. Italy originally legalized abortion in 1978 and has seen little effort to modify the law since. Contrastingly, the United States’ abortion landscape has been in...

Die öffentliche Diskussion um das Lieferkettengesetz und die Lieferkettenrichtlinie reißt auch Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten nicht ab. Einerseits äußern sich zahlreiche Stimmen in der Politik öffentlich gegen das Gesetz. Viele Unternehmen, die Erfahrung mit der Umsetzung des Gesetzes...

Die öffentliche Diskussion um das Lieferkettengesetz und die Lieferkettenrichtlinie reißt auch Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten nicht ab. Einerseits äußern sich zahlreiche Stimmen in der Politik öffentlich gegen das Gesetz. Viele Unternehmen, die Erfahrung mit der Umsetzung des Gesetzes...

Positive obligations stemming from international human rights law require states to realize fundamental rights. This Perspective argues that those human rights obligations may serve as basis for the conceptualization of a duty to regulate in investment law. Furthermore, it reflects on the...

Protecting children's rights and interests, especially within families, is crucial globally. Effective laws and enforcement are needed to ensure their safety and prevent violence, both offline and online. Kazakhstan's efforts in this regard, including legal protection for motherhood and...

This paper analyses the long-term care system in the context of Spain's aging population from a comparative and multilevel perspective. Starting with the European regulatory framework, it examines the main characteristics of long-term care systems in Europe and the challenges of establishing a...

This report aims to synthesise civil society's views on national trends in fundamental rights and the rule of law, drawing on the EESC Fundamental Rights and Rule of Law (FRRL) Group's first cycle of country visits. Covering the 27 EU Member States visited by the FRRL Group between 2018 and...

This report aims to synthesise civil society's views on national trends in fundamental rights and the rule of law, drawing on the EESC Fundamental Rights and Rule of Law (FRRL) Group's first cycle of country visits. Covering the 27 EU Member States visited by the FRRL Group between 2018 and...

Europe's ageing population is ever-increasing, and our societies are becoming more digitalised. Many public services are now available online, with many more services in the process of being digitalised. But the digitalisation of public services poses a risk of exclusion for older persons. In...

This in-depth analysis offers a systematic overview of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg and the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg laying down common minimum standards of judicial independence in Europe. The judgments are discussed according to subject...

This in-depth analysis (IDA) explores the most prominent actors, cases and techniques of algorithmic authoritarianism together with the legal, regulatory and diplomatic framework related to AI-based biases as well as deliberate misuses. With the world leaning heavily towards digital...

FRA's Fundamental Rights Report 2024 reviews major developments in the field in 2023. Given the backdrop of threats to fundamental rights and freedoms in Europe today, FRA's annual report is a timely review of the most pressing issues. It also presents FRA's opinions on these developments,...

FRA's Fundamental Rights Report 2024 reviews major developments in the field in 2023. Given the backdrop of threats to fundamental rights and freedoms in Europe today, FRA's annual report is a timely review of the most pressing issues. It also presents FRA's opinions on these developments,...

This in-depth analysis (IDA) explores the most prominent actors, cases and techniques of algorithmic authoritarianism together with the legal, regulatory and diplomatic framework related to AI-based biases as well as deliberate misuses. With the world leaning heavily towards digital...

This briefing considers how the monitoring and enforcement of human rights clauses in the European Union's (EU) agreements have evolved to promote human rights compliance. A series of recommendations will be presented with a focus on the themes of consultation, monitoring, and enforcement....

This briefing considers how the monitoring and enforcement of human rights clauses in the European Union's (EU) agreements have evolved to promote human rights compliance. A series of recommendations will be presented with a focus on the themes of consultation, monitoring, and enforcement....

EU citizenship is a unique concept. If you are a national of one of the 27 EU Member States, then you are also automatically an EU citizen. This enables you to enjoy certain rights and benefits that are distinct from being a national of an EU Member State. What's more, these rights are valid in...

This report provides an overview of the country visits organised by the EESC Fundamental Rights and Rule of Law (FRRL) group in 2022. It deals with six country visits to Greece, Finland, Slovakia, Portugal, Sweden and Slovenia. The report follows the two previous synthesis reports, which covered...

This report provides an overview of the country visits organised by the EESC Fundamental Rights and Rule of Law (FRRL) group in 2022. It deals with six country visits to Greece, Finland, Slovakia, Portugal, Sweden and Slovenia. The report follows the two previous synthesis reports, which covered...

This study provides a comprehensive exploration of measures aimed at facilitating access to and expanding support for human rights defenders (HRDs) in the European Union (EU). Its introduction deals with the fundamental issue of defining HRDs which, in turn, will enable visa, borders and...

This study provides a comprehensive exploration of measures aimed at facilitating access to and expanding support for human rights defenders (HRDs) in the European Union (EU). Its introduction deals with the fundamental issue of defining HRDs which, in turn, will enable visa, borders and...

This report outlines the most prominent cases in which the European Court of Human Rights evaluated the application of Article 7 of the ECHR. These decisions confirmed that the retroactive application of domestic criminal law is, in certain cases, possible for war crimes, crimes against humanity...

This report outlines the most prominent cases in which the European Court of Human Rights evaluated the application of Article 7 of the ECHR. These decisions confirmed that the retroactive application of domestic criminal law is, in certain cases, possible for war crimes, crimes against humanity...

EU citizenship is a unique concept. If you are a national of one of the 27 EU Member States, then you are also automatically an EU citizen. This enables you to enjoy certain rights and benefits that are distinct from being a national of an EU Member State. What's more, these rights are valid in...