When investing in research and development (R&D), institutions must decide whether to take a top-down approach - soliciting a particular technology - or a bottom-up approach in which innovators suggest ideas. This paper examines a reform to the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research...

Over the last decade, the defense industry has obtained relevance on Brazilian public policies. Departing from the premise that the success of this process requires not only that the Armed Forces have modern equipment and skilled military to operate them, but also that the country retains the...

"This book presents the latest scholarly research on the present state of defense organizations, examining reforms and solutions necessary to overcome current limitations and make vast improvements to their infrastructure, highlighting methodologies and theoretical foundations that promote more...

Introduction : satellites and surveillance capitalism -- "A permanent state of 'Cold War'" : preparing the environment, 1940-1968 -- "Our knowledge is in the holes" : software consulting and the sweat-equity formula, 1968-1977 -- "Innovation in a cold climate" : remote sensing and the government...

Wenig ist für Regierungen moderner Demokratien von grösserer Bedeutung, als gegenüber ihren Bürgern Rechenschaft über die von ihnen erbrachten Leistungen abzulegen. Die Nützlichkeit des sogenannten Performance Management ist daher unumstritten. Doch während in einigen Politikbereichen die...

There is agreement within industrial organisation economics that an inverted U-shape relationship exists between the level of competition in an industry and the level of innovation in that industry. Thus, when consolidation changes the level of competition in an industry we might expect this to...

This paper considers the impact of the tax treatment of U.S. military contractors. Prior to the early 1980s, taxpayers were permitted to use the completed contract method of accounting to defer taxation of profits earned on long term contracts. Legislation passed in 1982, 1986 and 1987 required...