This book explores the vital role of merchants within early modern China. Unlike European merchants, their Sino-colleagues have long been regarded as certain social pariahs after pre-Qin period, despite the fortune they made. The key mission of this monograph is to investigate whether the...

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Zinzendorf with Kaunitz in France, 1750-1752 -- Chapter 3. French Intellectual Influence: Melon and Gournay -- Chapter 4. The German Translation of Law's Money and Trade, 1758 -- Chapter 5. The Development of Zinzendorf’s Thinking on State Credit --...

The survival of eight monarchies during the "Arab Uprisings" of 2011 has put center stage the fundamental question about the durability of this subtype of authoritarian regime. Seen from a broader historical perspective, however, the idea that monarchies have an inherent advantage in retaining...

The implications political regimes upon trade policy are going to be praxeologically deduced and used in order to provide an alternative historical interpretation of protectionism and free trade throughout Western history, starting from the Middle Ages right up to the creation of the WTO/GATT....

<i>В статье рассматривается актуальный и малоизученный вопрос возвращения в общественно-политический процесс идеологии через религию, а именно религиозной...</i>

To develop the concept of a republic in 1910 when the Portuguese revolution of 1910 replaced the constitutional monarchy with its republic, the paper traces the central experiences of a republic in the modern Western world before that date. The images of the Ancient republics were in the minds...

The Arab monarchies of the Gulf have been undergoing striking socio-economic changes caused by the ending of the rent-based welfare state model on which they had largely relied since the 1950s. In this perspective, this paper aims at examining the comparative role of local business communities...

Authoritarian Monarchies in the Early Modern period have been considered as a keystone of the outset of the market economy in Europe. However, as a result of their own need of coexistence with other power institutions, it has to be taken into account that those monarchies implied the survival of...

"Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. Lending to the Borrower from Hell...

The six Persian Gulf monarchies are home to some of the world’s largest hydrocarbon reserves, and also some of the cheapest energy prices and highest per-capita consumption. Government subsidies based on socio-political objectives have contributed to regime longevity, but they have also...