We discuss the timing and strength of the Fed's reaction to the recent inflation surge within an estimated macroeconomic model where long-run inflation expectations are heterogeneous and can lose their anchoring to the target. The resulting inflation scare worsens the real cost of disinflation....

Central banks can play a key role in the change in finance needed for the green transition, but green central bank measures may also have an impact on the general public's trust in the institution. Trust, in turn, is crucial for central banks to successfully conduct monetary policy. The...

We develop a quantitative macroeconomic framework with heterogeneous financial intermediaries and active liquidity management. In the model, banks manage uninsured, idiosyncratic deposit withdrawal risk through an iterative over-the-counter interbank market with endogenous intensive and...

Monetary policy in the euro area faces significant challenges due to the evolving economic landscape marked by the return of inflation, financial instability risks, and the consequences of unconventional monetary policy (UMP) to the operational framework of monetary policy. This article...

The 1955-56 macroeconomic crisis is a central event in modern Irish history. Yet, despite this centrality, its causes are not clearly understood. In 1955-6, Ireland, which had previously followed British interest rates in lockstep as part of its fixed exchange with the latter, briefly...

The 1955-56 macroeconomic crisis is a central event in modern Irish history. Yet, despite this centrality, its causes are not clearly understood. In 1955-6, Ireland, which had previously followed British interest rates in lockstep as part of its fixed exchange with the latter, briefly...

How do different monetary policy tools influence residential housing markets, and how do these effects vary between owner-occupied and rental segments? To answer this question, we assemble a new monthly regional dataset from 35 million real estate listings over the period 2007- 2023 and exploit...

Exploiting the recalibration of ECB's outstanding central bank funding in 2022, we show that a sharp reabsorption of bank liquidity induces a tightening impact on credit supply, as intended when central banks reduce their balance sheets. The tightening originates from the sudden relative...

In contrast to most Central, Eastern and Southeastern European (CESEE) economies, Central Asia (CA) - comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan - has witnessed quite robust demographic as well as economic growth in the period from 2019 to 2024. This period was...

This study empirically explores the dynamic effect of MP and FP on the economic growth of Thailand from Q1:2003 to Q2:2024. In this study, data analysis was conducted using an advanced sequence of the econometric modeling approach to guarantee that the estimated results were more consistent and...

This paper investigates how different parametrisations of the monetary policy reaction function and different mechanisms of expectation formation shape the macroeconomic outcomes in the estimated Smets-Wouters type of DSGE model. The initial macroeconomic conditions of the simulations correspond...

We document a novel transmission channel of monetary policy through the homeowners insurance market. On average, contractionary monetary policy shocks result in higher homeowners insurance prices. Using granular data on insurers' balance sheets, we show that this effect is driven by the...

China's stock market greatly outperformed other national markets during the first several months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and it did so even before it became evident that early containment efforts would flounder in the United States and many other countries. As to why, one view holds that...

This paper examines the role of foreign exchange reserve demand in mitigating inflationary pressures resulting from money supply growth in reserve currency issuing states (RCISs). Despite recurrent substantial monetary expansions in RCISs in response to recessions such as the 2000 Post-Dot Com...

This paper reflects on the experience of the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) related to its policy of Quantitative Tightening (QT) and spillover effect on BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South-Africa) and other selected emerging market economies. We have chosen a sample of countries to examine...

I show that in linear rational expectation models, the effect of a monetary tightening can be simulated using contemporaneous and anticipated monetary policy shocks that replicate the forward curves observed during the period of interest, normalized with the forward curve observed in the quarter...

The traditional approach to monetary policy, which relied on one instrument to achieve a single goal, has proven ineffective during recent periods of global instability. In response to the challenges that this traditional framework could not address, non-standard monetary policy instruments have...

Theoretical analysis, empirical development and case studies show that room to manoeuvre stabilising macroeconomic policies during the COVID-19 crisis in the years 2020 and 2021 were fundamentally different in the Global South and Global North. The latter used extensive discretionary fiscal and...

We provide a brief primer on how the core of usable macroeconomic theory for monetary policymakers has evolved over the past 50 years. Today's policy discussions center on the New Keynesian (NK) synthesis, which builds on the Neoclassical growth model and the AS-AD framework. It incorporates...

We use an estimated medium-scale HANK model to investigate how the tradeoff between stabilizing inflation and consumption volatility varies for households with different levels of wealth. Consumption for the rich is mostly affected by demand shocks via their exposure to highly procyclical...