The enforcement of international sanctions is frequently undermined by multiple third-party sanction-breaking countries. This paper examines how a sanctioning country can optimally negotiate with several such loophole countries to close the enforcement gaps. We compare several sequential and...

This Note discussess the usefulness of Online Dispute Resolution (“ODR”) systems in pre-insolvency situations. Traditionally used in bilateral contractual disputes, ODR also presents prospects for expanding access to justice in the insolvency field. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises...

Dynamic household bargaining models are growing in popularity but are computationally demanding to solve and estimate. We propose a modification to the endogenous grid method (EGM) that allows this class of models to reap the benefits of the EGM. The method, which we refer to as interpolated EGM...

Negotiation outcomes are commonly analyzed through equilibrium concepts, yet many agreements fail during implementation for reasons not captured by incentive structure alone This paper introduces a pre-equilibrium screening criterion for bargaining fragility based on a small set of...

We conduct an artefactual field experiment in real-existing trade networks to analyze how individual network degree affects bargaining demands and outcomes. We combine data from a bilateral bargaining experiment with data of trade networks in 24 villages in Uganda. To identify the effect of...

We develop an organizational governance model with a single buyer and endogenous upstream entry. Investments and control rights over assets and actions are immediately contractable; production is contractable after uncertainty resolves. We show the following: Supplier competition eliminates...

Artificial intelligence increasingly participates in economic interactions not only as a tool, but also as an autonomous bargaining counterpart negotiating on behalf of firms, platforms, and consumers. Yet little is known about how humans respond psychologically and strategically when bargaining...

This paper presents evidence from a large-scale study on gender differences in expected wages before labor market entry. Based on data for over 15,000 students, we document a significant and large gender gap in wage expectations that resembles actual wage differences, prevails across subgroups,...

This paper presents evidence from a large-scale study on gender differences in expected wages before labor market entry. Based on data for over 15,000 students, we document a significant and large gender gap in wage expectations that resembles actual wage differences, prevails across subgroups,...

We use novel surveys of firms and workers, linked to administrative employer-employee data, to study the prevalence and importance of individual bargaining in wage determination. We show that simple survey questions accurately elicit firms' bargaining strategies. Using the elicited strategies...

This study investigates whether corruption differentially affects contracting through auctions and negotiations. Using data on Chinese land-market transactions, where corruption is known to be present, we first show that, on average, it exerts similar effects on transactions carried out via...

We investigate how buyer-supplier communication affects procurement prices, comparing auctions without direct communication to negotiations allowing it. In controlled experiments involving students and procurement professionals, we find communication increases prices, disadvantaging buyers....

The recent salience of immigration as an issue among segments of the population in wealthy countries has often been understood as a product of tension between economic interests and cultural preferences. However, such explanations largely ignore differences in power between immigrant and native...

This study provides an overview of the status of international climate negotiations ahead of the climate change conference in Belém, Brazil, in November 2025. It covers the key topics under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement. This document was...

This study provides an overview of the status of international climate negotiations ahead of the climate change conference in Belém, Brazil, in November 2025. It covers the key topics under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement. This document was...

Schelling (1956) first clarified how power to reduce one’s freedom of choice might benefit a bargaining party. A commitment to reject proposals, when successful, may force concessions from opponents who otherwise might have an upper hand. This paper experimentally studies credible commitments...

We develop a model that incorporates task-based production into a matching model with intrafirm wage bargaining. Unlike in existing task-based models, the representative firm derives the optimal task allocation as a function of capital and labor, rather than relative factor prices. Embedding...