Die Verbindung zwischen Netzen (Autonomen Systemen) unterschiedlicher Betreiber erfolgt sowohl durch Peering-Vereinbarung als auch über Transit-Verbindungen. Kommerzielle Transitanbieter bieten ihren Kunden Zugriff auf bzw. Erreichbarkeit für das gesamte Internet. Im Gegensatz dazu wird durch...

As infrastructures that connect the energy source with the energy use, energy networks constitute a crucial element of national and global energy systems. They also play a key role in helping with balancing supply and demand, thus ensuring that energy is not only available in the right places...

Im Zeitalter der Machine Economy ist der maschinelle Dialog allgegenwärtig - das bietet neue Chancen für Nachhaltigkeit, erhöht gleichzeitig aber durch die zugrundeliegenden Technologien auch den Druck auf unsere Umwelt. Internet of Things (IoT), Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und Distributed...

This paper finds that coherent regulatory policies can boost investment in network industries of OECD economies. Rate-of-return regulation is generally thought to result in overinvestment, while incentive regulation is believed to entail underinvestment. Yet, previous empirical work has...

Successful network utility privatisation requires incentive-based regulation that allows investment to be adequately rewarded from unsubsidised revenues while maintaining quality, and restructuring that permits effective competition for the network services. The potential for success and the...

We document non-linear stock effects in the relationship linking emerging technology adoption and network infrastructure increments. We exploit 2010-2017 data covering nascent to mature electric vehicle (EV) markets across 422 Norwegian municipalities together with two complementary...

This paper examines the effects of introducing competition into monopolized network industries on prices and infrastructure quality. Analyzing a model with reduced-form demand, we first show that deregulating an integrated monopoly cannot simultaneously decrease the retail price and increase...

This paper develops a method to analyze the effects of competition policy in a network industry. Competition has mixed effects on incentives to invest: when a network is split between competitors, each captures only a fraction of potential network effects. However, a firm may invest in...

This paper represents a synthesis and extension of earlier work, applying the Lehr & Sicker (2018a,b) regulatory approach to the layered platform model of Claffy & Clark.3 Today's Internet ecosystem is comprised of multiple digital network platforms organized into a multi-layer architecture....

Within the growing literature on next generation network (NGN), much research has focused on infrastructure competition and spatial effects driving investment incentives in NGN provision. However, less attention has been paid to the dynamic factors explaining NGN rollout. The purpose of this...

This paper evaluates whether competition hinders or spurs investment in a network industry. When a network is split between competitors, potential network effects are foregone. However, a firm may invest in components that are not shared, to steal customers from its competitors. I structurally...

Considerable work has been done to understand and improve the resilience of individual infrastructure components. However, systems of components, or even systems of systems, are far less well understood. Cascade effects, where the loss of one infrastructure affects others, is a major source of...

This paper examines the question of whether the local access network environment stands on the cusp of significant change, one characterized by investment in new Gigabit broadband networks operated by a new breed of service providers. The highprofile Google Fiber project first deployed in the...

Naturally monopolistic network industries are subject to regulation of access to market and charging in order to achieve optimal use of infrastructure and avoid the abuse of monopoly power. Relatively little is known what results does such regulation generate and whether it achieves objectives....

We propose a model which uses the Bitcoin/US dollar exchange rate to predict the computing power of the Bitcoin network. We show that free entry places an upper-bound on mining revenues and we devise a structural framework to measure its value. Calibrating the model's parameters allows us to...

This paper describes a new database of major labor and product market reforms covering 26advanced economies over the period 1970-2013. The focus is on large changes in product marketregulation in seven individual network industries, employment protection legislation for regularand temporary...

Since the financial crisis in 2007-2008, the vulnerability of a financial system has become a major concern in financial engineering. In this paper, we analyze the vulnerability of a financial network based on the linear optimization model introduced by Eisenberg and Noe (2001), where the right...

This paper describes a new database of major labor and product market reforms covering 26 advanced economies over the period 1970-2013. The focus is on large changes in product market regulation in seven individual network industries, employment protection legislation for regular and temporary...

Some regulatory reforms do not change just a specific signal that can be represented by a quantitative continuous variable, such as a tax rate, a price cap, or an emission threshold. The standard theory of reform in applied welfare economics (going back to contributions by e.g. Ramsey, Samuelson...

The main purpose of this paper is to argue that the optimal design of regulation of water and sanitation monopolies should be the outcome of a detailed diagnostic of the institutional constraints impacting the ability of the operator-whether public or private-to deliver the services. Tailoring...

Neben den tiefgreifenden Veränderungen bei der Stromerzeugung stellt die Energiewende vor allem die Bereiche Stromübertragung und -verteilung vor große Herausforderungen. Notwendige Investitionen in die Netzinfrastruktur führen zu einer Steigerung der Netznutzungsentgelte, die von den...

Introduction -- PART 1. Energy demand and supply theories -- Theories underpinning electricity demand and infrastructure supply -- PART II. Historical dimensions of the Nigerian energy transition -- What really happened? The evolution of energy infrastructure provision (1800 - 2018) -- What...