This Rural Income Diagnostic explores the state of rural poverty, rural livelihoods, and the agricultural sector in Madagascar, focusing on barriers to and opportunities for faster growth in rural agricultural income. The diagnostic then identifies four priority pathways to unlock agricultural...

Climate change is associated with an increasing frequency of extreme weather events, which can severely reduce people's welfare, especially in the Global South. Here, we analyse the impacts of rainfall shocks - including lacking and excessive rains - on economic and social outcomes, using...

A persistent disparity has been observed in the social and economic development of women, particularly evident in South Asia's lower female labor force participation. This study investigates how mobile phone ownership can overcome this disadvantage. Using an instrumental variable approach and...

This study evaluates the impact of investment in rural roads on household welfare in Albania. Using a difference-in-differences method, we find that treated households experienced a 35-percentage point increase in the quality of roads relative to control households and reduced travel times to...

The United Nations called for a holistic approach to successfully achieve the sustainable development goals. In this study, we examine the association between two of those sustainable development goals, namely income inequality and emissions. More specifically, we analyze if income inequality is...

In recent years, although the ratio of urban to rural per capita income in China has exhibited a continuous downward trend, the income gap between urban and rural areas remains significantly higher than that of developed countries. Addressing this inequality and achieving common prosperity has...

Infrastructure improvement is one of the driving forces behind growth and structural changes in the village economy. This study aims to determine the impact of improvements in rural infrastructure, particularly connecting roads between villages, on the direction of changes in the main income...

This paper reveals the mechanisms by which the spatial structure of morphological polycentricity (MP) affects the subjective well-being (SWB) in China, focusing on the distribution of economic activities. Using panel data for 21 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020, we compare the effects of...

Since the global food price crisis between 2007 and 2008, governments in developing countries such as Vietnam have paid more attention to food security issues. The government of Vietnam has issued policies to sustain rice land and imposed restrictions upon the transformation of rice land to...

The emergence of digital financial systems, especially mobile money, has significantly changed the financial services space in sub-Saharan Africa in ways that promote financial inclusion among the poor, including those in rural communities. Focusing on mobile money, which is the main avenue for...

Many people in rural Africa still rely on smallholder agriculture as their main source of livelihood. Yet pursuing other economic activities beyond farming to diversify incomes becomes increasingly important. In this paper, we focus on the role of people's income aspirations in the process of...

This study investigates the role of digital inclusive finance (DIF) in strengthening rural economic resilience in China. Analyzing data from 31 Chinese provinces over 2011-2020, it explores how DIF impacts rural economic resilience, considering factors like the market environment and rural...

The global pandemic has accentuated inequalities, with vulnerable populations in developing countries fairing worst. In rural sub-Saharan Africa, restrictions on mobility to limit the spread of COVID-19 negatively impacted access to extension services and inputs by farmers. In response,...

This paper explores the regional impacts of heterogeneous fiscal redistribution policies on urbanrural income gaps. We construct market income and final income measures and use quantile regressions to estimate the impact across income deciles and across urban and rural areas of the different...

Homegarden avocado cultivation offers a viable option for smallholder farmers to diversify their sources of income and food. This study examined the contribution of avocado cultivars to household income diversification and food security in the Jewe and Upper Gana kebeles of Central Ethiopia....

The persistent disparity between urban and rural incomes in China poses a critical challenge to alleviating energy poverty in rural areas. This study investigates how the income gap between urban and rural regions exacerbates rural energy poverty, focusing on the period from 2005 to 2023,...

This study was conducted to assess the determinants of rural households' livelihood diversification and its contribution to household food security status in Gozamin Woreda, Amhara region, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional research design and mixed research approach were used. Primary data were...

This paper examines the impact of access to markets on livestock-related income of herder households in Mongolia. The empirical findings show that reducing the distance to markets by ten kilometers increases household income by 1.0 percent on average.

This research investigates the impact of digital village development on clean energy poverty (CEP) in rural areas within the context of energy and digitalization transition in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Utilizing the Index of Digital Rural County (IDRC) and China Family Panel Studies...

To mitigate the socio-economic problems arising from income disparity, a comprehensive view and insights into rural households' behaviors and environment are crucial. This study employs cluster analysis to develop an empirical taxonomy of households' occupations in Thai rural areas and gain...

Adoption of indigenous knowledge has a significant role in supporting the agricultural production system and diversification of off-farm and nonfarm livelihood activities. However, most studies focused on indigenous farming livelihoods and there is a knowledge gap in the literature and was not...

This study examined the impact of rural out-migration on the poverty of migrant-sending households by applying the new economics labor migration theory as a theoretical framework, and the multinomial endogenous switching regression as an analytical model in southern Ethiopia. Data were gathered...