Major developments in technology with geopolitical implications since the updating of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) through the US-Canada-Mexico Agreement (USMCA) put the agreement in a new context, magnifying the significance of provisions on governance of the digital economy,...

Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat für ein "soziales Massen-Experiment der Telearbeit" gesorgt, wie eine OECDStudie es formulierte. Denn die Anteile der Erwerbstätigen, die von zuhause arbeiten, stiegen weltweit rapide an. Auch die Anteile der Menschen mit Behinderungen stiegen an, allerdings nicht so...

Studies of the determinants of emigration from Europe from 1850 to 1913 include the gains to migrants but often neglect the costs. One component of those costs is earnings forgone on the voyage. In this paper I present new data on the voyage times for emigrants from the UK traveling to the...

Studies of the determinants of emigration from Europe from 1850 to 1913 include the gains to migrants but often neglect the costs. One component of those costs is earnings forgone on the voyage. In this paper I present new data on the voyage times for emigrants from the UK traveling to the...

The economic history of the United States is that of Europeans and their institutions. Indigenous nations are absent. This absence is due partly to lack of data but in large measure to a perception that Indigenous communities have contributed little to US growth. This paper argues that this...

The economic history of the United States is that of Europeans and their institutions. Indigenous nations are absent. This absence is due partly to lack of data but in large measure to a perception that Indigenous communities have contributed little to US growth. This paper argues that this...

This article analyzes the role of trade and financial integration, productive specialization and monetary policies in the synchronization of business cycles in North America from a long-run perspective. For this purpose, we estimate seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and Granger...

On February 24-25, 2006 an international workshop on “Regional and International Currency Arrangements” was held in Vienna. It was co-sponsored by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank and the Bank of Greece, and jointly organized by Eduard Hochreiter and George Tavlas. Academic economists and...

Since Daniel Steele’s 1975 seminal publication on schedule nervousness, academic researchers and corporate operations alike have deepened and expanded related research, both with direct intent to examine schedule nervousness (a.k.a. variation, volatility, or instability) or tangentially in...

This is an empirical study based on a large-scale database of North American and Global organizations. The is the first study that has included more than 70,000 and 1,00,000 observations from North American and global firms to measure the impacts of financial leverage and return on investment...

This is an empirical study based on a large-scale database of North American and Global organizations. The is the first study that has included more than 70,000 and 1,00,000 observations from North American and Global firms respectively to measure the impacts of financial leverage and return on...

Throughout history, Europe and North America have experienced intense and long-lasting droughts with large impacts on society and ecosystem such as the recent drought 2018/2019 and historical drought 1540 in Europe, or the US Dust Bowl of the 1930s. To increase resilience and develop adaptation...

The United States is the heart of North American energy markets, has recently emerged from history’s biggest oil boom, and along with its neighbors, is becoming the crossroads for an increasingly global two-way trade in oil and gas. All three countries are major global energy producers and...

Volatile and persistent real exchange rates are observed not only in aggregate series but also in the individual good level data. Kehoe and Midrigan (2007) recently showed that, under a standard assumption on nominal price stickiness, empirical frequencies of micro price adjustment cannot...

Despite widespread international implementation, limited information is currently available on the economic impact of mandated family leave policies. This paper increases our understanding of the nature and effects of parental leave entitlements in several ways. First, we provide a brief history...

Many interesting elements of supply and demand are starkly observable in professional athletics. Understanding institutional arrangements, competitive balance and labor-management relations requires a basic understanding of sports labor markets and the struggle for control of those markets...

Despite stringent dismissal restrictions in most European countries, rates of job creation and destruction are remarkably similar across European and North American labor markets. This paper shows that relative-wage compression is conducive to higher employer-initiated job turnover, and argues...

This paper compares two possible formats for free trade in the Americas: a system of spokes surrounding a U.S. hub, and a free trade area. The paper identifies the sources of welfare change, and it argues that a country's attitude towards a system depends on whether the arrangement is a...

In this paper, we document evidence on the synchronization of business cycles across 16 countries over the past century and a quarter, demarcated into four exchange rate regimes. We find using three different methodologies that there is a secular trend towards increased synchronization for much...

Strong liquefied natural gas (LNG) demand growth, especially in Asia, could increasingly motivate gas infrastructure development in North America. Nevertheless, opposition to new gas infrastructure is formidable in some of the U.S. states and Canadian provinces that are well positioned to supply...

After 26 years of trading under the North American Free Trade agreement (NAFTA), Mexico and its North American partners enter a new phase with the entry into force of United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) on 1 July 2020. This note quantifies the potential impact of the agreement on...

The number of different car and light truck models produced in North America has increased enormously over the last decades. The data suggests that producing this increased variety of vehicles is associated with a productivity penalty. We show that manufacturers can adopt complementary...

The energy transition away from fossil fuels exposes companies to carbon-transition risk. Estimating the market-based premium associated with carbon-transition risk in a cross-section of 14,400 firms in 77 countries, we find higher stock returns associated with higher levels and growth rates of...

This paper describes broad regional and temporal trends in the evolution of international trade and international factor flows between 1700 and 1870, including key differences in trade costs across space and time. We find trade links in Western Europe and the European colonies of North America...

This paper offers the first systematic historical evidence on the role of a central actor in modern growth theory - the engineer. It collects cross-country and state level data on the labor share of engineers for the Americas, and county level data on engineering and patenting for the US during...

This work approaches the factors determining the qualified investor sentiment by different regions during the pandemic state of COVID-19 throughout the period without and with vaccination.The findings show that informed investors present different reactions to the various pandemic factors by...

This paper outlines a set of economic criteria to assess an immigrant receiving country's immigration policy from three perspectives. These three perspectives include the resident population, the immigrant and the sending country viewpoints. An expanded version of Julian Simon's financial...

The government has successfully maintained external, financial, and fiscal stability despite the deepest recession in decades. However, Mexico is bearing a very heavy humanitarian, social, and economic cost from COVID-19, including over half a million excess deaths, sizable under-employment, and...

This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes-Data Module (Data ROSC) updates assessments conducted in 2010 and 2015. The updated assessments are based on the May 2012 version of the IMF's Data Quality Assessment Framework (DQAF) and cover the national accounts, government finance, and...

Introduction -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Employee Voice in the Global South Toyin Ajibade Adisa, Chima Mordi and Emeka Smart Oruh -- Chapter 2: The Conceptualisation f Employee Voice in Permacrisis: A United Kingdom Perspective Michael Oyelere, Kehinde Olowookere, Temi Oyelere, John Opute and...