Purpose - Following a task-based framework, this paper investigatesthe impact of technology on occupational employment in Egypt (1998-2018) by examining the employment implications of the Routine-biased Technological Change (RBTC) hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach - The study estimates...

In 2021, Tanzania launched the rollout of its teachers’ continuous professional development (TCPD) framework, popularly known as Mafunzo Endelevu ya Walimu Kazini (MEWAKA). MEWAKA recognizes that quality TCPD benefits from multiple delivery modalities and therefore operates through communities...

We examine the long-term labor market impact of the steam engine, an early general-purpose technology, by linking newly digitized 19th-century records from Prussia to modern German labor market data (1975-2019). Regions with a higher concentration of steam engines per worker in 1875 exhibit...

How does firms' skill demand change as the business landscape evolves? We present evidence from the green transition by analyzing how hurricanes impact demand for green skills. These disasters signal the risks of not acting on environmental issues. We use data from U.S. online job postings...

This study analyzed 1480 job advertisements for business analysts using natural language processing (NLP) and sentiment analysis. While confirming the demand for technical, analytical and communication skills, the study reveals important patterns that expand upon existing knowledge....

At a time when European science and innovation policy is seeking to better support research talent in navigating increasingly diverse post-PhD careers, we suggest that skill requirements vary substantially across employment sectors. We examine PhD holders' self-perceived transferable skills to...

Artificial intelligence is changing which tasks workers do and how they do them. Predicting its labor market consequences requires understanding how technical change affects workers’ productivity across tasks, how workers adapt by changing occupations and acquiring new skills, and how wages...

Our article analyses the quality of green jobs in France, applying a definition of green jobs that has emerged in recent years to the French labour force survey - a large, representative dataset. Using regression and classification techniques, we find that green jobs are associated with lower...

In this article, we examine labour market polarization dynamics in Türkiye. First, we use highly refined microdata to classify tasks - mainly abstract, routine and manual - to conduct analysis at the occupation-task level. Second, we find evidence for polarization driven by technological...

This study is the first to analyse the determinants and wage impacts of vertical educational mismatches in the wage sector in Indonesia. This study is also the first to examine the wage effect of vertical educational mismatch based on the fields of study, gender, and spatial conditions of the...

Die Studie zeichnet ein konsistentes Bild der langfristigen Entwicklungen im deutschen Bildungs- und Qualifikationssystem und ordnet diese in internationale Vergleichsrahmen ein. Im Bereich der Qualifikationsstruktur bestätigen sich bekannte Muster: Deutschland bleibt durch einen besonders...

The Global Gateway is considered a key instrument of EU development cooperation. Introduced in 2021, it was announced as a 'win-win' strategy for both, the EU's competitiveness agenda and developing countries' strive for sustainable development. The Global Gateway epitomises the current shifts...

New digital and artificial intelligence technologies are fast reshaping skill requirements in the EU labour market, fostering skill mismatches. There are marked concerns about the potentially adverse consequences of automation and AI on employment, as well as the lagging competitiveness of EU...

This paper develops a task-adjusted, country-specific measure of workers' exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) across 108 countries. Building on Felten et al. (2021), we adapt the artificial intelligence occupational exposure (AIOE) index to worker-level data from the Programme for the...

Immigrants across Europe earn less and work in lower-quality jobs than natives, but the mechanisms underlying these disparities remain poorly understood. This paper asks whether immigrant disadvantage reflects barriers to accessing good jobs or skill deficits that persist even within similar...

A central effect of automation is to transform jobs-shifting their task content. We develop a general-equilibrium model of this process. Occupations bundle tasks; workers possess task-specific skills and sort by comparative advantage. When a task is automated, remaining tasks gain in importance,...

This paper provides the first comprehensive, cross-country evidence on the wage returns to digital skills, using more than 67 million job postings from 29 countries between 2021 and 2024. The paper develops a harmonized digital skills taxonomy and examines returns across extensive (any digital...

Digital transformation is rapidly reshaping economies and labor markets worldwide, creating new opportunities while demanding a workforce equipped with relevant digital competencies. For Zambia, a country with one of the youngest populations in the world—this transformation presents both...

The demand and supply of new skills—especially in IT and AI—are reshaping labor markets, impacting wages and hiring. About one in ten job vacancies in advanced economies demands at least one new skill, often appearing first in the United States. The incidence is about half in emerging...

Exceptional talent accounts for a disproportionate share of innovation, yet many individuals with exceptional ability may never realize their potential. Whether expanding access to advanced training generates learning gains remains an open question. We study this using a randomized controlled...

Managers of actively managed funds do not maintain a constant investment style. Instead, their factor loadings change over time. These changes are especially large following quarters with extreme returns and fund flows and arise from both active portfolio reallocations and passive style drift....

China's One-Child Policy (OCP) restricted most couples to a single birth, leading to a rapid increase in the prevalence of only children. Using longitudinal data and a regression discontinuity design around the policy's start, we estimate the effects on grandchildren's human capital. We find...

This paper studies the causal impact of language skills on human capital accumulation, labor market outcomes, and job characteristics of childhood immigrants across European countries. Using PIAAC data, we adopt an instrumental variable strategy based on the critical age hypothesis and...

This study examines how automation, measured by industrial robot adoption and artificial intelligence (AI) exposure, is associated with labor market and production outcomes across Europe. Using a panel dataset covering 32 European countries and 18 industries from 1994 to 2019, we analyze the...

This paper studies the relative importance of teacher-student match effects and general teacher effectiveness in producing student learning, and quantifies gains from alternative teacher assignments. We estimate a framework that separates these components, allowing match quality to vary with...

The rapid evolution of technology is reshaping labor markets by altering skill demands and job profiles. This paper introduces a novel skill-based measure of occupational technology intensity - the Occupational Technology Skill Share (OTSS) - that distinguishes between manual, digital, and...

There is little knowledge about the shape, prominence and drivers of work-to-work transitions in low- and middle-income countries. This paper examines these elements in the context of South Africa and Indonesia - two middle-income countries with similar development levels yet different labour...

Firm training is key to meeting changing skill demands, yet little is known about the role of workers' beliefs in shaping training participation. In a survey of 3,701 workers in Germany, we document that they expect substantial returns to firm training - both in terms of earnings and...