We investigate the relationship between manufacturing sector productivity and two new measures proxying for barriers to trade in services – restrictions affecting payment for cross-border imports of services and receipts for inward investment. Our services trade policy proxies span the...

A major step towards liberalizing the EU Internal Market for services was taken in 2006 with the EU Services Directive. This study quantifies its impact on EU trade in services and real income and identifies untapped potential due to remaining administrative barriers and weak enforcement of...

The second administration of United States President Donald Trump has shaken the foundations of the multilateral trading system by implementing unilateral tariffs on imports from most of its partners, and by signing 'deals' with a few of them. It is impossible to legally reconcile these actions...

Members of the World Trade Organization are increasingly disregarding its rules, raising concerns about the future of the multilateral trading system. To analyze the sustainability of the rules-based trade regime, we develop a dynamic framework of stochastic asynchronous games where the leading...

We present an historical background and narrative of Spanish policies affecting Philippine trade that maps them onto the changing landscape of influential ideas and emerging political and economic exigencies confronting the colonizing power. An integral or global perspective is adopted that...

We use detailed tariff data and a dynamic trade and reallocation model with downward nominal wage rigidities to quantitatively assess the economic consequences of the recent increase in U.S. import tariffs and the responses of its trading partners. Higher tariffs trigger an expansion in U.S....

A considerable amount of existing literature highlights the significance of environmental factors, but limited research has examined the role of green financing in these considerations. The primary aim of this research is to test the relationships between green finance and environmental quality...

The paper studies types and mechanisms of vertical and horizontal multilevel institutional governance (IG) (multilevel governance [MLG]). The relation with exports is reviewed and quantified to attempt prioritizing institutional reforms fostering merchandise exports in Egypt.The paper studies...

This paper examines the effects of trade policy shocks on the US economy using a novel identification strategy that combines narrative information with stock market data. We construct a new dataset of daily trade policy statements from 2007 to 2019, enabling us to capture a broad range of policy...

This paper examines the effects of trade policy shocks on the US economy using a novel identification strategy that combines narrative information with stock market data. We construct a new dataset of daily trade policy statements from 2007 to 2019, enabling us to capture a broad range of policy...

Do countries gain more by liberalizing trade together than alone? To answer this question, we study the 2015 Phase II expansion of the Information Technology Agreement (ITA), which eliminated tariffs on products covering over 12% of world trade. Market access rose by 4-6%. Nearly half of this...

This paper investigates the impact of services sector liberalization on product innovation of downstream manufacturing firms. Leveraging firm-product panel data from India and employing a shift-share research design, I find that services liberalization significantly increases firms’ product...

This article treats Smith's writings on patriotism and universal benevolence in the final edition of The Theory of Moral Sentiments by placing them in some broader contexts. Smith affirmed proper patriotism as virtuous and consistent with the Christian ethic of universal benevolence. Proper...

We examine the relationship between economic development and female labor force participation, with a focus on the impact of gender norms. Analyzing quasi-random variation in provincial exports in reunified Vietnam from 2002 to 2018, we find that a positive economic shock led to a significant...