Search Results - subject_exact:"Parallel trade"

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Profitable gray market with asymmetric costs

Hu, Qing; Mizuno, Tomomichi - 2025

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015508746

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Profitable gray market with asymmetric costs

Hu, Qing; Mizuno, Tomomichi - 2023

Book / Working Paper

Parallel universe : how ending parallel import restrictions cuts costs for British consumers

Howe, Martin; Lesh, Matthew - 2025

Parallel imports are genuine products imported into the United Kingdom without the consent of the intellectual property (IP) rights holder, often taking place when there is a price or availability difference between markets. Parallel import restrictions (PIRs) allow producers to control...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015359321

Blockchain-enabled downward traceability to combat gray market

Wu, Jianghua; Cheng, Hongya; Li, Luyao - 2024

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015133655

Retailers' parallel importation and service provision in a supply chain : Incentives and impacts

Li, Hai; Shao, Jing; Zhu, Stuart X.; Xiang, Xiaoliu - 2025

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015603972

An economic approach to parallel imports effects and competition policy

Katsulakos, Giannēs S.; Benetatou, Kalliopi - 2020

Parallel imports have been treated very differently in different countries. In the EU, competition law's very strong (per se) prohibition of restrictions to parallel imports (PI) can be justified by traditional "public interest" concerns related to the EU's objective to promote free trade and...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012318071

The impacts of gray products and counterfeits in the luxury industry

Xu, Fengmei; Shan, Feifei; Yang, Feng; Chen, Ting - 2024

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014547460

Gray marketing phenomena in global supply chains : can pricing strategies help?

Xu, Lei; Choi, Tsan-Ming; Shi, Xiaoran; Zhou, Chi - 2024

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10015078865

Within-country inequality and the patterns of trade

Foellmi, Reto; Schmid, Marco; Zweimüller, Josef - 2023

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014336552

Equilibrium parallel import policies and international market structure

Roy, Santanu; Saggi, Kamal - 2024

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014431386

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Equilibrium Parallel Import Policies and International Market Structure

Roy, Santanu - 2017

Book / Working Paper

Equilibrium Parallel Import Policies and International Market Structure

Roy, Santanu - 2011

Book / Working Paper

Parallel imports under a manufacturer rebate and a price freeze : evidence from Germany

Birg, Laura - 2023

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014266802

Pharmaceutical regulation under market integration through parallel trade

Birg, Laura - 2023

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014443417

Illicit trade in food and food fraud

2024

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014543375

Сертификация и декларирование параллельного импорта в современных условиях (Certification and Declaration of Parallel Imports in Modern Conditions)

Reznik, Elena A. - 2023

This article describes the problems of certification and declaration of parallel imports; proves that the certification of parallel imports is a very negative process for quality standards and from the marketing point of view is nothing but misleading consumers; proves that the logistics of...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014359017

To adapt or to standardize? : cross-market green product design under parallel importation impact

Wang, Min; Huang, Hongfu; Liu, Feng - 2023

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014338380

Price caps versus reimbursement limits : pharmaceutical regulation under market integration through parallel trade

Birg, Laura - 2019 - Revised Version March 2019

In this paper, I study the effect of parallel trade (cross border resale of goods without the authorization of the manufacturer) on pharmaceutical regulation in a North-South framework with a firm's endogenous decision to export to the South. Governments in both countries may limit prices...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10011986314

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Price Caps versus Reimbursement Limits: Pharmaceutical Regulation under Market Integration through Parallel Trade

Birg, Laura - 2019

Book / Working Paper

Price Caps versus Reimbursement Limits : Pharmaceutical Regulation under Market Integration through Parallel Trade

Birg, Laura - 2019

Book / Working Paper

The reference group as antecedent of gray market participation : an empirical analysis

Gimeno-Arias, Fernando; Santos-Jaén, Jose Manuel; … - 2023

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014290359

Direct and indirect savings from parallel imports in Sweden

Granlund, David - 2022

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014489924

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Direct and indirect savings from parallel imports in Sweden

Granlund, David - 2022

Article

Direct and indirect savings from parallel imports in Sweden

Granlund, David - 2022

Background: The aim was: i) to quantify the direct and indirect savings from parallel imports in Sweden during a period when sellers were forbidden from giving discounts to pharmacies, and ii) to study if the efects of competition from parallel imports on list prices became smaller in absolute...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10013490959

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Direct and indirect savings from parallel imports in Sweden

Granlund, David - 2022

Article

Limits of law in the multilevel system : explaining the European Commission's toleration of noncompliance concerning pharmaceutical parallel trade

Zhang, Yaning - 2022

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10013392063

Selection and Parallel Trends

Ghanem, Dalia; Sant'Anna, Pedro H. C.; Wuthrich, Kaspar - 2022

One of the perceived advantages of difference-in-differences (DiD) methods is that they do not explicitly restrict how units select into treatment. However, when justifying DiD, researchers often argue that the treatment is “quasi-randomly” assigned. We investigate what selection mechanisms...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014077196

Parallel imports of status goods : a strategic analysis of aesthetic design

Li, Jiaoyang; Zhang, Jianqiang; Schaefer, Richard - 2022

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10013277039

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Parallel Imports of Status Goods : A Strategic Analysis of Aesthetic Design

Li, Jiaoyang; Zhang, Jianqiang; Schaefer, Richard - 2022

Book / Working Paper

The price effects of competition from parallel imports and therapeutic alternatives : using dynamic models to estimate the causal effect on the extensive and intensive margins

Granlund, David - 2022

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012818171

Parallel Imports, Network Externalities, Transport Cost and Destination-Commodity Tax

Wang, Leonard F.S; Wu, Di; Sun, Ji - 2022

This paper investigates how network externalities affect parallel imports and profits. In a three-country model, a multinational manufacturer produces locally and sells through local distributors in two countries. Parallel imports between two countries are permitted by the manufacturer. The...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014242014

Wholesale Price Discrimination and Parallel Imports

Ganslandt, Mattias; Maskus, Keith E. - 2021

We develop a model of vertical pricing in which an original manufacturer sets wholesale prices in two markets integrated at the distributor level by parallel imports (PI). In this context we show that if competition policy requires uniform wholesale prices across locations it would push retail...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10013317168

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Wholesale Price Discrimination and Parallel Imports

Ganslandt, Mattias - 2007

Book / Working Paper

Strategic Responses to Parallel Trade

Kyle, Margaret K. - 2021

This paper examines how pharmaceutical firms have responded to changes in intellectual property rights and trade barriers that legalized "parallel imports" within the European Union. The threat of arbitrage by parallel traders reduces the ability of firms to price discriminate across countries....

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10013224433

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Strategic Responses to Parallel Trade

Kyle, Margaret K. - 2007

Book / Working Paper

Strategic Responses to Parallel Trade

Kyle, Margaret K. - 2007

Book / Working Paper

The automotive gray market : an inside history

Hege, John B. - 2022

Congress and cars -- Small importers and their reactions -- The first compliance shops -- Making them pass -- The stoichiometric closed loop electronic feedback controlled breakthrough -- The boom -- More fuel on the fire -- In the workshop -- The independent labs -- The shine rubs off --...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10013202917

Intellectual Property Exhaustion and Parallel Imports of Pharmaceuticals : A Comparative and Critical Review

Calboli, Irene - 2021

This Chapter addresses the topic of intellectual property (IP) exhaustion in the context of the parallel trade of pharmaceuticals. These imports, which are controversial in general, are more complex with respect to pharmaceuticals, which require additional marketing and import authorizations....

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10013225295

"Mercati paralleli", equilibrio dei rapporti e direzione dell’efficienza

Ginex, Giovanna - 2022

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10013462239

Switzerland : Prohibition of Parallel Imports and Market Integration – the Role of the 'Effects Doctrine' and the Development of the Substantive Laws

Këllezi, Pranvera - 2021

Possible effects in Switzerland are sufficient to assert jurisdiction of Switzerland over conduct taking place outside Switzerland. The Supreme Court adopted a broad definition of the territorial scope of the Cartel Act, by not only refusing, but also prohibiting, to consider any level of...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10013240186

When should a firm set its selling price to cope with gray market trade?

Tsunoda, Yushi - 2022

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012796326

Agarwal, Pankhuri - 2020

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), on the lines of the common market of the European Economic Area (EEA), was established on 31 December 2015. One of its aims, as reflected in Article A.1.9 of the AEC Blueprint 2025, is to allow ‘competitive, efficient, and seamless movement of goods within...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014093038

An analysis of technology licensing and parallel importation under different market structures

Li, Hai; Qing, Qiankai; Wang, Juan; Hong, Xianpei - 2021

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012416263

A new form of parallel trading within economics relations between Russia and China

Sosnovskikh, Sergey - 2021

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012517098

External Reference Pricing and Parallel Imports of Pharmaceuticals : A Policy Comparison

Iravani, Foad; Mamani, Hamed; Nategh, Emisa - 2020

Governments across the world constantly use a variety of measures to contain drug costs in order to increase patient access to critical medications. External Reference Pricing (ERP), or international price comparison, is a commonly employed policy to control prices of pharmaceuticals. ERP uses...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10014095621

Is medicines parallel trade "regulatory arbitrage"?

Costa-Font, Joan - 2016

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10011776439

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Is medicines parallel trade "regulatory arbitrage"?

Costa-Font, Joan - 2015

Book / Working Paper

Is Medicines Parallel Trade 'Regulatory Arbitrage'?

Costa-Font, Joan - 2015

Book / Working Paper

The impacts of money-back guarantees in the presence of parallel importation

Zhang, Yong; Zhang, Sheng Hao; Feng, Haofang - 2021

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012595960

The effects of parallel trade in two-sided markets

Kao, Kuo-Feng; Mukunoki, Hiroshi - 2021

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012605912

Parallel trade and reimbursement regulation

Birg, Laura - 2015

This paper studies interaction of pharmaceutical regulation and parallel trade in a North-South framework. An innovative Örm located in the North can sell its drug only in the North or in both countries. Governments may limit reimbursement for the drug. Reimbursement limits reduce the Örmís...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10011290061

Reference pricing and parallel imports : evidence from Germany

Birg, Laura - 2019

I study the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports, in particular the market share of parallel imports and the number of parallel traders. First, I analyze the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports in a vertical differentiation model with a...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10011949019

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Reference Pricing and Parallel Imports : Evidence from Germany

Birg, Laura - 2019

Book / Working Paper

Reference pricing and parallel imports : evidence from Germany

Birg, Laura - 2019

Book / Working Paper

EU enlargement, parallel trade and price competition in pharmaceuticals : has the price competition increased?

Granlund, David; Köksal-Ayhan, Miyase Yesim - 2016

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10011508040

Parallel imports and manufacturer rebates : evidence from Germany

Birg, Laura - 2019

In this paper, I study the effect of a change in the mandatory manufacturer rebate on wholesale prices for pharmaceuticals on competition by parallel imports. First, I analyze the effect of a manufacturer rebate on competition by parallel imports in a two-country model. An increase in the...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10011949028

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Parallel Imports and Manufacturer Rebates : Evidence from Germany

Birg, Laura - 2019

Book / Working Paper

Universal Access, Parallel Trade and Incentives to Innovate

Acharyya, Rajat - 2020

Governments often subsidize poorer groups in society to ensure their access to new drugs. We analyse the optimal income‐based price subsidies in a strategic environment. We show that universal access is less likely to arise when price arbitrage prevents international price discrimination. When...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012835185

Parallel imports, price controls, and innovation

Reisinger, Markus; Saurí, Lluís; Zenger, Hans - 2019

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012225845

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Parallel Imports, Price Controls, and Innovation

Reisinger, Markus - 2019

Book / Working Paper

Parallel imports and repair services

Ishikawa, Jota; Morita, Hodaka; Mukunoki, Hiroshi - 2020

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012288180

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Parallel imports and repair services

Ishikawa, Jota; Morita, Hodaka; Mukunoki, Hiroshi - 2018

Book / Working Paper

Parallel Imports and Repair Services

Ishikawa, Jota - 2018

Book / Working Paper

Public opinion on tobacco gray market in the Western Balkans : a cluster analysis approach

Budak, Jelena; Rajh, Edo; Buturac, Goran; Brković, … - 2019

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012033642

Parallel imports in large developing countries

Zeng, Dao-Zhi; Zhang, Biyue - 2020

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012293454

Externalities of national pharmaceutical policy when markets are integrated through parallel trade : conference paper

Birg, Laura - 2013

This paper studies externalities of nationally determined cost-sharing systems, in particular coinsurance rates (patients pay a percentage of the price), under pharmaceutical parallel trade, i.e. trade outside the manufacturer's authorized distribution channel, in a two-country model with a...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10010343629

The EU pharmaceutical market : crossing paths between regulation, competition law and free movement

Danieli, Diletta - 2020

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012423617

Gray market's product quality in the circular economy era

Cao, Qingning; Zhang, Jianqiang - 2020

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10012193960

Pharmaceutical regulation at the wholesale level and parallel trade

Birg, Laura - 2013

This paper studies the effect of pharmaceutical regulation at the wholesale level, if markets are integrated by parallel trade, i.e. trade outside the manufacturerś authorized distribution channel. In particular, maximum wholesale margins, a restriction of pricing by the intermediary, and...

Persistent link: https://ebvufind01.dmz1.zbw.eu/10010223101

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Pharmaceutical regulation at the wholesale level and parallel trade

Birg, Laura - 2013

Book / Working Paper

Pharmaceutical Regulation at the Wholesale Level and Parallel Trade

Birg, Laura - 2014

Book / Working Paper

Pharmaceutical regulation at the wholesale level and parallel trade

Birg, Laura - 2013

Book / Working Paper