There is a vigorous debate on whether arrests for domestic violence (DV) will deter future abuse or create a retaliatory backlash. We study how arrests affect the dynamics of DV using administrative data for over 124,000 DV emergency calls (999 calls) for West Midlands, the second most populous...

We consider the psychological and social foundations of human contributions and punishments in a voluntary contributions mechanism with punishment (VCMP). We eliminate 'dynamic economic linkages' between the two stages of our "modified" VCMP to rule out other potential explanations. We use a...

There is a vigorous debate on whether arrests for domestic violence (DV) will deter future abuse or create a retaliatory backlash. We study how arrests affect the dynamics of DV using administrative data for over 124,000 DV emergency calls (999 calls) for West Midlands, the second most populous...

We provide evidence that Hispanic citizens receive significantly longer sentences than non-Hispanic citizens in the Federal Criminal Justice System in the United States when a higher number of illegal aliens are apprehended along the southwest border. Apprehensions can increase the salience of...

I suggest that simple enforcement and lobbying models may explain how a small minority of dedicated believers (religious fundamentalists, animal rights activists, woke activists, etc.) are able to impose changes in behavior on the majority in a society who do not believe. With this, a society...

This paper investigates whether and how the punishment of peer firm managers impacts firm misconduct. Having witnessed that peer firm managers experience adverse consequences for their wrongdoings, managers of focal firms would receive vicarious negative reinforcement, thus reducing their...

We propose a novel apples-to-apples comparison strategy to identify the effect of boy preference on girls’ physical health from endogenous sibling gender composition. Employing an instrumental variable approach and data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies, we find that the presence of...

We develop two new methods for selecting the penalty parameter for the e1-penalized high-dimensional M-estimator, which we refer to as the analytic and bootstrap-after-cross-validation methods. For both methods, we derive nonasymptotic error bounds for the corresponding e1-penalized M-estimator...

We examine 70,581 felony court cases filed in Chicago, IL during the period 1990-2007. We exploit case randomization to assess the impact of judge assignment and sentencing decisions on the arrival rates of new charges. Relative to prior research, we document an important source of heterogeneity...

This paper develops a dynamic life-cycle equilibrium model of crime with hetero-geneous agents and human capital accumulation. Agents decide at each point in time whether to commit crimes by comparing potential gains from crime to the expected cost of punishment (determined from the probability...

Women tend to experience substantial declines in their labor income after their first child is born, while men do not. Do such "child penalties" also exist in the political arena? Using extensive administrative data from Norway and an event-study methodology, we find that women drop out of local...

An important result in the economic theory of enforcement is that, under certain circumstances, it is optimal for a fine to be as high as possible - to equal the entire wealth of individuals. Such a fine allows the probability of detection to be as low as possible, thereby saving enforcement...

This paper introduces the third update/release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB-R3). The GSDB-R3 extends the period of coverage from 1950-2019 to 1950-2022, which includes two special periods - COVID-19 and the war between Russia and Ukraine. The new update of the GSDB contains a total of...

This paper introduces the third update/release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB-R3). The GSDB-R3 extends the period of coverage from 1950-2019 to 1950-2022, which includes two special periods - COVID-19 and the war between Russia and Ukraine. The new update of the GSDB contains a total of...

The Milieudefensie et al v Royal Dutch Shell plc. landmark ruling establishes for the first time direct environmental liabilities linked to local damages caused by global emissions and deems a single company partially responsible for climate change, opening corporations to new legal jeopardy...

The lodestar has been the dominant calculation method for fee-shifting awards for nearly forty years. But the lodestar has persistent issues: it leads to extra litigation and judicial effort, the fee awards are highly variable, and it creates an incentive for plaintiffs’ attorneys to bill...

In 2017, the government of Norway introduced a new regulation, the Traffic Light System (TLS), which divides the Norwegian coast into 13 aquaculture production zones and labels them Red, Yellow, and Green based on the sea lice induced mortality rates in the wild stock. Production capacity should...

Sentencing principles for corporations should be consonant with those for individuals, and if they are not, there should be good reasons for the divergence. Theories of punishment and sentencing are also theories of how we justify using the coercive power of the state to punish people. This...

While a growing body of literature has documented the negative impacts of exclusionary punishments, such as suspensions, on academic outcomes, less is known about how teachers vary in disciplinary behaviors and the attendant impacts on students. We use administrative data from North Carolina...

This chapter, based on a report presented on the occasion of the annual meeting of the German Society of Comparative Law in 2017, focuses on recent developments in the law of set-off and penalties/liquidated damages, highlighting specifically the decisions in Cavendish Square Holding BV v. Talal...

Very little is known about the efficient collection of fines despite their indispensable contribution to local government budgets. This paper fills an important gap in the literature by studying the effectiveness of deterrence (enforcement) and non-deterrence (social norms) letters that aim to...

Previous experimental studies have shown that centralized management that a legitimate enforcer implements can be effective in improving cooperation in social dilemmas. The current study examines whether the presence of peer punishment opportunities, especially the chance of retaliating the...

Corporate governance and competition law generate divergent incentives in the organization. This paper confronts these regulating tools in a gametheoretical approach of collusive behaviors in vertical organizations

Previous experimental studies have shown that centralized management that a legitimate enforcer implements can be effective in improving cooperation in social dilemmas. The current study examines whether the presence of peer punishment opportunities, especially the chance of retaliating the...

Should attorneys be punished for aiding and abetting tax evasion? The impulsive reply, as well as the politically correct answer, is “yes.” However, closer reflection reveals that the answer is not so cut and dried. This paper reviews the major ethical arguments that take the position that...

The falling female labor force participation rate in China has raised the attention oflabor economists and policymakers. In light of this, this paper documents the changesin labor force participation of mothers relative to fathers around first births (referred to asthe "child penalty" in the...

Using administrative criminal records from Texas, this paper shows how heat affects criminal defendants, police officers, prosecutors, and judges. It finds that arrests increase by up to 15 percent on hot days, driven by increases in violent crime. There is no evidence that charging-day heat...

We investigate how the intentionality of investors or trustees’ actions affects thirdparty compensation and punishment interventions after a trust game. Investorsand trustees are randomly assigned to conditions where they either makeintentional choices or their choices are made by a random...

Is it lawful for a professional sports league to punish an executive of a team when that executive isn’t employed by the league and, unlike a player, isn’t a member of a union that collectively bargains with the league? The answer to this question has long been presumed as “yes,” despite...

Women tend to experience substantial declines in their labor income after their first child is born, while men do not. Do such “child penalties” also exist in the political arena? Using extensive administrative data from Norway and an event-study methodology, we find that women drop out of...

Peer punishment is widely considered a key mechanism supporting cooperation in human groups. Although much research shows that human behavior is shaped by the prevailing social norms, little is known about how punishment decisions are impacted by the social context. We present a set of...

We introduce hierarchical decision-making in a repeated public goods experiment where representatives decide on contributions and punishment not only on their behalf, but also on behalf of their team members. We confirm the established finding that punishment reverses the slide towards the zero...

At least 228 people executed in the modern era—or more than one in every seven—were right too soon. That is, they had claims in their case that today would render their execution unconstitutional, but were killed because of a legal regime that arrived too late. Roughly 30% of our total...