The worldwide matter of climate change, which has negative impacts on the Earth and its inhabitants, is attributed to the elevation in emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Due to the disproportionate rise of GHGs in recent decades, global warming and...

The global transition to renewable energy is essential for long-term sustainable development and climate change mitigation. Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) offer a viable solution for reducing carbon emissions, increasing energy security, and providing reliable electricity. This study...

This study examined the influence of the Western Australian and Iranian startup ecosystem contexts, including the powers and liabilities that determine startups' commercialisation outcomes. By utilising a theoretical framework based on programme evaluation, explanatory theory building, and...

This article examines the contentious debate surrounding Universal Basic Income (UBI)-an unconditional, equal, and permanent cash payment providing basic needs for all citizens-from an ideological left-right perspective. It analyzes key arguments made by proponents and opponents on both sides,...

This research delves into the complexities of assessing polycentric development, focusing on Tehran's city-region. Using a systematic analytical approach, we examine geographical boundaries, center thresholds, and measurement indicators over time. Our findings highlight the crucial role of...

Inclusivity has become a critical focus in tourism studies, but still limited attention has been given to how tourism advances women's economic participation in societies with entrenched gender roles. This study addresses this gap by examining shifts in gender dynamics across five villages on...

Saudi Arabia has mixed expectations ahead of Donald Trump’s imminent second presidency. On the one hand, the royal family maintains close business relations with the president-elect and his entourage, which could lead to privileged access to the White House. On the other hand, Trump’s Middle...

On 8 December 2024, the Assad regime in Syria was overthrown by a rebel alliance led by Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). The collapse of the family dictatorship was made possible by shifts in regional and international power dynamics. Key factors included Turkish support for the rebels, the...

On 8 December 2024, the Assad regime in Syria was overthrown by a rebel alliance led by Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). The transitional government under Ahmad al-Sharaa now faces enormous economic, social and political challenges. It has yet to establish control over the country as a whole; and...

New ODI research underscores how women's movements are leading the push for democratic governance and inclusion, particularly in contexts of eroding civic space or where democracies are increasingly authoritarian. Yet, they face growing backlash from a rising tide of politicised religion. Based...

This study investigates the impact of US political sanctions on the earnings management practices of Iranian listed firms. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology and utilizing empirical data from 2013 to 2022, the study demonstrates that sanctions do not significantly influence...

Renewables as alternatives to conventional energy systems have been developing very fast in recent years in Iran like in other countries. This growth is rooted in new goals and support policies that are going to facilitate the development and motivate the investors. Among these policies, Feed in...

Iran's Petroleum Contract "IPC" as a risk service contract, contains some important improvements and features in order to attract foreign investments and know-how to the long-standing oil industry of Iran. However, the views of international oil companies ("IOC") towards contractual regimes in...

This study examines the effect of the "Woman, Life, Freedom" protests in Iran during the last quarter of 2022 on individual life satisfaction. To assess this impact, we use two original representative surveys conducted before and after the protests in 2022. The repeated cross-sectional dataset...

The construction of the Tehran-Shomal Freeway is a major infrastructural project in Iran aimed at enhancing connectivity between Tehran and northern regions. This study evaluates the environmental impacts associated with the construction of the third section of this freeway. Using Life Cycle...

Iran's energy sector is characterized by its significant reserves, market dynamics, economic challenges, and political and global impacts. This paper employs an integrated, scenario-based robust planning approach to address Iran's energy imbalance, which manifests as excess demand or...

This essay examines Iran's most extensive internet disruption since 2022, imposed during the June 2025 conflict with Israel, when missile strikes quickly evolved into coordinated cyberattacks on banking, radar, and communications systems. Drawing from direct experience during the blackout, it...

The 12-day war launched by Israel against Iran in June 2025 profoundly altered the strategic landscape of the Middle East, exposing the fragility of past deterrence. With Israel emboldened, Iran determined to continue its resistance and US foreign policy at its most unpredictable, the risk of...

The 12-day war launched by Israel against Iran in June 2025 profoundly altered the strategic landscape of the Middle East, exposing the fragility of past deterrence. With Israel emboldened, Iran determined to continue its resistance and US foreign policy at its most unpredictable, the risk of...

Considering the undeniable importance of the environment in people's lives, this study investigates the combined effects of information and communication technology (ICT) and foreign direct investment (FDI) on achieving environmental sustainability. With increasing carbon emissions and their...

Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is essential for evidence-based healthcare decision-making, yet its integration into Iran's healthcare system faces political and logistical challenges. Despite HTA's potential to improve resource allocation, limited awareness, data gaps, and competing...

Background Iran's fee-for-service (FFS) payment model in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is contentious due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders with differing interests, leading to increased costs, fragmentation, and reduced quality of care. This study explores the experiences and...

Background Combining Trastuzumab with chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer shows treatment promise but may raise costs. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of combining Trastuzumab with chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer treatment in Iran. Methods We employed a...

Background Given the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to examine the economic response policies implemented by governments. This study aims to review evidence from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including Iran, on COVID-19 economic response policies...

The purpose of this report is to provide contextual information of relevance to the assessment of applications for international protection, including refugee status and subsidiary protection, and to the development of EUAA's country guidance on Iran. The report covers the period of 1 January...

The proliferation of environmental pollutants, the financial implications of energy transmission and distribution, the scale of electrical network assets, and the accessibility and finite nature of fossil fuels collectively constitute significant catalysts for the progression of renewable...