We examine effects of government-imposed employment targets on firm behavior. Theoretically, such policies create “polarization,“ causing low-productivity firms to exit the market while others temporarily distort their employment upward. Dynamically, firms are incentivized to improve...

Nach der Friedlichen Revolution von 1989 setzte im Osten Deutschlands ein tiefgreifender Transformationsprozess von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft ein. Auch wenn die Mitwirkungsmöglichkeiten der Gewerkschaften beschränkt waren, waren sie wichtige Akteure in diesem Prozess. Zusammen mit den...

O Atualização Económica de JIOBSão Tomé e Príncipe fornece uma análise abrangente do desempenho económico, desafios e perspetivas do país. O relatório está dividido em dois capítulos: o Capítulo 1, que se centra no estado da economia, e o Capítulo 2, que examina o papel e o...

After each economic crisis, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, governments have used public investment as a crucial tool to help economies recover quickly. However, a significant concern is how to structure such investments to meet the intended objectives while avoiding risks during...

The Global Emerging Markets Risk Database Consortium (GEMs) is a joint initiative between the European Investment Bank and the International Finance Corporation; it was established in 2009 to pool credit risk data. This database is a unique example of a tangible common good and is designed to...

This paper aims to assess the importance of management's initiatives to ensure employee retention in the private sector. The turnover problem keeps increasing and is likely to continue in the future.SMART PLS was employed for analysis. To determine the effects of management initiatives on...

This study explores the ownership-risk relationship in the GCC emerging economies during the COVID-19 pandemic, examining 44 commercial banks classified as private and publicly owned banks. The two-stage least squares (2SLS) method is employed to identify endogeneity issues, with robustness...

Die US-Kryptogesetzgebung 2025 markiert einen Wendepunkt in der internationalen Finanzpolitik. Der Beitrag ordnet die (geplanten) US-Gesetze ordnungspolitisch ein und stellt sie der finanzpolitischen Strategie der EU gegenüber. Die US-Kryptogesetzgebung fördert die Nutzung privater...

This study examines the factors that influence companies' decisions to go public or private in Türkiye. We find that firm size, profitability, age, and market valuations have a positive impact on the decision to go public, but growth, leverage, financial investment, and tangibility have a...

The transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy is urgently needed to mitigate the profound impacts of climate change. However, this essential transition presents one of the greatest socioeconomic challenges of our era, particularly in terms of employment. Millions of workers in fossil...

We show that life insurers have increased their lending in the private placement market over the past decade, totaling $849 billion, or 14%, on life insurers' balance sheets in 2024. A substantial part of the growth stems from private credit extension to financial borrowers and to privately...

This study examines factors influencing full (FP) versus partial (PP) privatization and how markets respond to government control in PP and FP firms. Exploiting China's 2005 NTS reform as a natural experiment, we find that treated PP firms experienced significantly lower post-reform performance,...

The report assesses two Department of Education's (DepEd) student financial assistance schemes under the Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education (GASTPE) program. Those schemes are the Educational Service Contracting (ESC) and the Senior High School Voucher (SHSV)...

Nach der Friedlichen Revolution von 1989 setzte im Osten Deutschlands ein tiefgreifender Transformationsprozess von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft ein. Auch wenn die Mitwirkungsmöglichkeiten der Gewerkschaften beschränkt waren, waren sie wichtige Akteure in diesem Prozess. Zusammen mit den...

This study investigates the dynamic effect of economic liberalization, privati‑ zation, and globalization on the export performance of Ethiopian manufacturing firms. We use structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the direct and indirect influences between these macroeconomic reforms and...

This data report describes the first wave of the RWI Climate-Mobility Panel, a recurring household survey that aims in particular to investigate individual mobility behavior and preferences with regard to mobility-related policies. It further includes information on attitudes towards...

This paper is a survey report based on two surveys launched in 2024 within the PES Network. It presents an overview and takes stock of how PES collaborate with external providers to deliver their services and new trends in those collaborations, without evaluating or comparing the impact and...

This paper examines the key aspects of corporate governance of stateowned enterprises (SOEs) through a comparative survey conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia. The research explores two distinct perspectives: the state's view on the necessity and governance of SOEs, and the...